CHEMISTRY PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS

Phosphorus is usually present in natural water as phosphate and is an essential element of life, phosphate can come from fertilizers, human or animal wastes, soaps or detergents and industrial waste.[1] When too much phosphorus becomes available, plant grows rapidly.[1] Phosphate that enter a stream may cause algae to multiply and grow quickly, this may result in an algae bloom. Algae bloom are thick layers of green slime that cover the surface of ponds or slow moving stream, algae bloom are harmful to most aquatic organisms.

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Phosphorus is usually present in natural water as phosphate and is an essential element of life, phosphate can come from fertilizers, human or animal wastes, soaps or detergents and industrial waste.[1] When too much phosphorus becomes available, plant grows rapidly.[1] Phosphate that enter a stream may cause algae to multiply and grow quickly, this may result in an algae bloom. Algae bloom are thick layers of green slime that cover the surface of ponds or slow moving stream, algae bloom are harmful to most aquatic organisms.

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The aim of this research work was to assess the amount of municipal solid waste generated in University of Benin located in Benin-City, Nigeria. Analysis was carried out to calculate amount of municipal solid waste generated per person per day. Direct waste analysis and a site-specific study were carried out to collect waste characterization data and determine the quantity of generation and components of the municipal solid waste in the campus.

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The aim of this research work was to assess the amount of municipal solid waste generated in University of Benin located in Benin-City, Nigeria. Analysis was carried out to calculate amount of municipal solid waste generated per person per day. Direct waste analysis and a site-specific study were carried out to collect waste characterization data and determine the quantity of generation and components of the municipal solid waste in the campus.

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The lophira alata wood sawdust that was obtained was washed with distilled water, dried, and divided into two portions. The first portion was used as the unmodified sawdust sample while the second portion was first carbonized at a temperature of 600C for 4 hours and later activated using 2M KOH for 24 hours at room temperature. The two samples were used as adsorbent to adsorb Nickel and Cadmium ions from aqueous solution. The effect of contact time, sawdust dosage, and the PH, of heavy metal ions removal has been studied. The physiochemical properties of the two adsorbents used have also been computed. The results obtained shows that an increase in sawdust dosage, contact time, and the PH, all resulted in an increase in the adsorption rate.

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The lophira alata wood sawdust that was obtained was washed with distilled water, dried, and divided into two portions. The first portion was used as the unmodified sawdust sample while the second portion was first carbonized at a temperature of 600C for 4 hours and later activated using 2M KOH for 24 hours at room temperature. The two samples were used as adsorbent to adsorb Nickel and Cadmium ions from aqueous solution. The effect of contact time, sawdust dosage, and the PH, of heavy metal ions removal has been studied. The physiochemical properties of the two adsorbents used have also been computed. The results obtained shows that an increase in sawdust dosage, contact time, and the PH, all resulted in an increase in the adsorption rate.

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The experiment was carried out and three osmotic solutions were prepared, “hypertonic solution 60% concentrated, hypotonic solution 40% concentrated and isotonic solution 50% concentrated” and oven drying was also carried in the course of the experiment, the effect of sodium chloride (osmotic agent) concentration, temperature and immersion time on overall mass transfer coefficient, effective diffusivity, drying rate weight loss and shrinkage ratio on oven drying and osmotic dehydration of Pumpkin and bitter leaf. Results showed that both pumpkin and bitter leaf had a highest mass transfer coefficient in oven drying at highest temperature of 80oC, for pumpkin leaf 0.149(m/min), bitter leaf was 0.149(m/min), the results were also obtain for osmotic dehydration at 80Oc at highest concentration (Hypertonic solution) had the highest mass transfer coefficient, for pumpkin leaf was 0.015(m/min) for bitter leaf was obtained to 0.032(m/min).

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The experiment was carried out and three osmotic solutions were prepared, “hypertonic solution 60% concentrated, hypotonic solution 40% concentrated and isotonic solution 50% concentrated” and oven drying was also carried in the course of the experiment, the effect of sodium chloride (osmotic agent) concentration, temperature and immersion time on overall mass transfer coefficient, effective diffusivity, drying rate weight loss and shrinkage ratio on oven drying and osmotic dehydration of Pumpkin and bitter leaf. Results showed that both pumpkin and bitter leaf had a highest mass transfer coefficient in oven drying at highest temperature of 80oC, for pumpkin leaf 0.149(m/min), bitter leaf was 0.149(m/min), the results were also obtain for osmotic dehydration at 80Oc at highest concentration (Hypertonic solution) had the highest mass transfer coefficient, for pumpkin leaf was 0.015(m/min) for bitter leaf was obtained to 0.032(m/min).

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Polypropylene account for around 22% of the total production of plastics in 2008, making it the second largest plastic produced beside polyethylene which is 23.7% (Plastic waste Management Institute, 2009).Polypropylene plastics or also known as polypropene, are materials that are used worldwide since the 19th century (Scheirs, 1998). Polypropylene plastics are widely used in our daily life as kitchen utensils, in toy productions, as insulators for electrical devices, and also in industrial sites as safety equipment(Gaurina-Medijumurec, 2014).

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The review of literature is necessary because the new knowledge to be derived from the new study has to fit into the body of already existing knowledge i.e. every new findings should be rooted in known theories and principles. Literature review should start with ...

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The following sub-heads are always considered when writing chapter one in research work, all of them from the introduction of the project. They are: 1. Background of the study: this is a discussion that centers on the history of the area of the study to be...

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