ABSTRACT
The main objective of
this research is to design and implementation a web based weather system for
foresting weather for the aviation industry using Victor Attach Airport, Uyo – Akwa
Ibom state as a case study. The project mainly focuses on the objectives as
follows: To help the aviation industry meteorologists predict accurate weather
forecast. To enable aviation industry to make decision on weather and control
based on information given etc. This research work surveys the foundation and
general confinements of weather forecasting which spurred me to go into the
exploration work and challenges faced by the aviation industry with lot of
flight cancelation due to bad weather. The language used in this research was HTML
and CSS that gave the resultant effect of design and implementation of the
weather forecasting package that will make forecasting of weather quicker,
precise and reliable in our society.
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Consistently, all over the world, a large number of
weather – based economic decisions are made in transportation, agriculture,
power, construction, and other sectors of the economy. Weather conditions
influence the whole economy from various perspectives both straightforwardly
and by implication, Better weather forests bring economic opportunities to
almost every sector of the economy.
Weather forecasting is very critical to the
business and private transportation sector, including aircraft, dispatching and
trucking enterprises, nationally and globally.
In the transportation industry, Airlines for
instance depend on weather forecasts in flying air planes and change flight routes.
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The specialty of weather forecasting started
with early human advancements utilizing reoccurring galactic and metrological
occasions to assistance them with regular changes in the weather (MISTIC House,
2008) Around 650 BC the Babylonians attempted to foresee weather climate
changes dependent on the presence of mists and optical wonders, for example,
haloes. By 300B.C Chinese space experts had built up a schedule that separated
the year into 24 celebrations, every celebration related with an alternate sort
of climate. Around 340 B.C the Greek Philosopher Aristotle composed
Metrological, a philosophical treatise that included hypotheses about the
arrangement of downpour, mists, and hail, wind, thunder, helping, and sea
tempests. Furthermore, subjects such as astronomy, geography and chemistry were
also addressed into schools and science was addressed. Aristotle mentioned some
surprisingly intense objective facts concerning the climate, alongside some significant
errors. Also, his four–volume content
was considered by numerous individuals to be the authority of climate
hypothesis for around 200 years. Aristotle''s cases were mistaken, it was not
until about seventeenth century that a considerable lot of his thoughts were
ousted. Consistently, endeavors have been made to create weather forecast
dependent on climate change and individual perceptions.
Be
that as it may, before the finish of the Renaissance, it had turned out to be
progressively apparent that the hypotheses of the nature philosophers were inadequate and that
greater knowledge were lacking and more prominent
information of the important to facilitate our comprehension of the environment
(Wilson,2007). So as to do these instruments were expected to gauge the
properties. The atmosphere, such as moisture, temperature, and pressure. The
primary known plan in western human advancement for a hygrometer an instrument
to quantify the moistness of air was portrayed by Nicholas Cusa (C.1401 – 1464, German) in the mid fifteenth
century. Galileo Galilsi (1564 – 1642, Italian) created an early thermometer in
1592 or presently, and Evangelista Torricelli (1608 – 1647, Italian imagined
the gauge for estimating the atmospheric pressure in 1643. While these
meteorological instruments were being refined during the seventeenth through
nineteenth hundreds of years, other related observational hypothetical and the
innovative advancements likewise added as far also contributed to our knowledge
concerning the atmosphere, and people at dispersed areas started to make and record
atmospheric estimations. The innovation of the broadcast and the development of
transmit organizes in the mid nineteenth century permitted the standard
transmission of climate perceptions to and from eyewitnesses and compilers.
Utilizing these information, unrefined weather maps were drawn and surface
breeze examples and tempest frameworks could be recognized and considered.
Climate watching stations started showing up the whole way across the globe, in
the end bringing forth the introduction of concise climate estimating, in light
of the aggregation and investigation numerous perceptions taken all the while
over a wide zone, during the 1860s. With the arrangement of territorial and
worldwide metrological perception systems in the nineteenth and twentieth century,
more information were getting to be accessible for perception based climate
estimating. An incredible breakthrough in observing weather at high at
elevations was made during the 1920s with the innovation of the radiosonde.
Little light weight boxes furnished with climate instruments and a radio
transmitter, radiosondes are conveyed high into the air by a hydrogen or helium
– filled inflatable that rises to a height of around 30 kilometers before
blasting (Gaffen, 2008). During the rising, these instruments transmit temperature
dampness, and weight information (called soundings) back to ground station. The
information are handled and made accessible for developing climate maps or
addition into PC models for climate forecast. Today, radiosondes are propelled
each twelve (12) hours from several ground stations everywhere throughout the
world.
1.2. STATEMENT OF THE STUDY
The present strategy for weather determining in the
Aviation business impeded by the following challenges.
1. Error issues in weather figures and forecast.
2. Deferral from the headquarters (meteorological
administrations Headquarters in Akwa Ibom) in anticipating weather conditions.
3. The utilization of manual strategies in weather
forecast and also in storing or keeping recordings of previous measurements of
weather elements and its investigation.
1.3. OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY
The following objectives of this research are as
follows:
I.
To help
aeronautics meteorologists issue exact weather estimations.
II.
To empower aviation
meteorologists to develop weather gauge with minimum delay.
III.
To enable
Aviation industry to make decision on flight control based on data provided and
avoid flight delay.
IV.
To study and
utilize innovative programming language as logical tool for climate weather
conditions.
V.
To ensure
powerful examination, structure usage and also provide solution to issues in
the Aviation weather forecast.
1.4
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the research is to design and
implement a web based system, which will provide reliable and dependable service
for forecasting climate conditions for Aviation industry (Victor Attah
International Airport).
The scope of this project is designed to extend the
following range and deals with the management and computerization the
following:
i. The
data entry section which facilitates easy entry of data obtained from
measurements of various instruments.
ii. The Database: the information entered
is put away in an information base for record reason and furthermore for simple
arranging of a specific record(s)
iii. The Weather analysis: This analyses a
given record of day by day climate estimations and furthermore allows the
measurements of the information to be seen.
iv. The Weather forecast: The effect of
climate and its remarks is properly documented.
1.5
SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
The
significance of this research is to design and implement a web based climate forecasting
system for the Aviation industry (Victor Attah International, Airport) that
would provide information concerning the climate conditions in real time,
regularly and this provided data would be helpful for
i.
Aircraft
landing and Take-off
ii.
Controlling
Aircraft take-off delays
iii.
Reduce
aircraft accidents and
iv.
Save life
and properties.
v.
Decrease
discomfort arising from altitudinal changes during flight.
1.6
LIMITATIONS OF
THE STUDY
Limitations encountered during the development of
the research was the difficulty in getting useful information and relevant
facts about the current procedure from the staff of the Nigerian Meteorological
Agency (NIMET), Victor Attach International, Airport.
Also, the researcher encountered financial
constraints, especially in transport fare to the area of study for the
collection of data since it’s out of the capital city of the state and also the
cost of getting information from relevant journals, printed materials and from
the internet, etc.
Finally, lack of related materials and textbook to
the study useful making citations.
1.7
DEFINITIONS OF
TERMS
- Beaufort scale: A scale that indicates the wind seed using the
effect wind has on certain familiar objects.
- Drizzle: A form of precipitation that consists
of water droplets less than 5mm.
- Airport: An airport is
an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air
transport. Airports often have facilities to store and maintain
aircraft, and a control.
- Fog: water that has condensed closed to ground level, producing cloud of
very small droplets that reduces visibility to less than one km (three thousand
and three hundred feet).
- Lightning: Any and all forms of visible electrical discharged produced by thunder
storms.
- Meteorology: The study of the phenomena of the atmosphere and all the processes that
take place in the atmosphere and the relationships with processes at the
surface of the earth.
- Radiosonde: A balloon carrying instruments for measuring conditions in the upper
atmosphere.
- Rain: A type of precipitation that is
in the form of water droplets larger than 0.5mm.
- Snow: Precipitation composed of white or
translucent ice crystals. Snow forms in cold clouds by the direct
transfer of water vapor to ice
- Taunderstorm (or thundershower) - A local storm, produced by a cumulonimbus cloud,
and accompanied by thunder and lightning.
- Weather: State of the atmosphere with respect to heat or cold wetness or
dryness, clam or storm, clearness or cloudiness. Also weather is the
meteorological day today variations of the atmosphere and their effects on life
and human activity. It includes temperature, pressure, humidity clouds, wind,
precipitation and fog.