TABLE
OF CONTENTS
page
Certification……………………………………………………………………i
Dedication…………………………………………………………………………………………….ii
Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………………….iii
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………………..iv
Table of
content………………………………………………………………..v
List of
tables…………………………………………………………………………………………vi
List of
figures……………………………………………………………………………………….vii
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………….viii
CHAPTER 1
HOUSING AND AN
ASSESSMENT OF THE WORLD TODAY………….
1.1 background
Statement………………………………………………………………………10-12
1.2. Problem
Statement………………………………………………………………………….12
1.3. Research
Questions ………………………………………………………………………..12-13
1.4. Aim and
Objectives…………………………………………………………………………12-13
1.5 Research
justification………………………………………………………………
1.6 Research
Methodology……………………………………………………15
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. sustainable
housing development in Africa; Nigerian
perspective……………………………………………………………………..15-19
2.2. Sustainability
of Residential Buildings in Nigeria: An Appraisal of the Factors that Influence
Maintenance of Residential Buildings’ Standard………………19-21
2.3. Sustainable
Development and Housing Affordability…………………………21-23
2.4. Sustainable
housing development in Nigeria the financial and infrastructural
implication……………………………………………………………………..23-27
2.5. Toward
Sustainable Development of Residential Layouts of Bori Ogoni, Rivers State,
Nigeria…………………………………………………………………..27-29
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research
Methodology……………………………………………………….30
3.3 Sampling
Frame……………………………………………………. ……………………………30
3.4. Method of data
Collection……………………………………………………30
3.5. Method of data
Analysis………………………………………………….30-33
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT AND FINDINGS
4.1. Factors
Militating against the Construction of GB……………………….34-35
4.2. Prospects of
sustainable buildings………………………………………..36-37
4.3. Oral
Interviews……………………………………………………………37-38
4.4. Achieving a
premium for green homes……………………………………38-39
4.5. How they can be
achieved…………………………………………………39-42
CHAPTER FIVE
The way forward for
residential sustainability
5.1 Prospects of
sustainable housing development(SHD)……………………………43-44
5.2 Indigenous and
modern architecture: A blend for sustainable
development………………………………………………………………………………………….44-47
5.3 The economic
benefits of sustainable development……………………………….47-48
5.4 Principles of
sustainable buildings design …………………………………………..48-49
CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………………..49
REFERENCE
………………………………………………………………..50-55
APPENDIX……………………………………………………………………….56
.
ABSTRACT
It has been observed
that house ownership is one of the first priorities for most households and it
represents the largest single investment for most (between 50% and 70% of
household income). The residential environment occupies central point in the
planning and functionality of any city. This is sequel to its physical, social
and economic roles it plays in the determination and actualization of
functional city.
The subject,
‘Sustainable development’ is relevant and applicable to all areas of
development and management. Its grand characteristics are its abilities to
enhance, protect as well as sustain growth in all ramifications. Sustainability
issues in residential buildings in many cities of the world and the search for
factors that influence the level of maintenance of residential buildings, with
appropriate measures to assist in the solutions to the problems of building
maintenance has been an issue of concern, most especially to the house
designers and developers in Edo State, Nigeria
The purpose of this
study is to assess problems of confronting residential layout with the intention
of proffering sustainable solutions and how can the design of apartments
contribute to improved social sustainability in housing conditions as well as
maintaining its affordability.
Using the survey
method, the research found out the factors affecting the implementation of
sustainability in residential homes, as well as the prospects of implementing
sustainability in homes.
Harnessing natural
resources, followed by health and productivity gain, reduction of operating
cost, waste management was found to be the major needs and benefits of
sustainability in homes.
The study definitely
answers the question regarding sustainability and it need in homes. Further
studies are needed to ascertain how to maintain affordability as homes tend to
imbibe sustainability
CHAPTER
ONE
BACKGROUND
STATEMENT
The subject,
‘Sustainable development’ is relevant and applicable to all areas of
development and management. Its grand characteristics are its abilities to
enhance, protect as well as sustain growth in all ramifications. The word
”sustainability” is a very diverse subject. It is not limited to the
environment. It equally has its relevance in all spheres of life including
socio-cultural, economic and all development policies. The path to a truly
sustainable society begins with the objective of improving and sustaining
efficiency and safety in all forms of development. It is however a long-term
process. The focus is on enhancing and sustaining an existing system or
development over a period of time or life-span; thus, the term sustainable
development.
Sustainable
development is basically the act of balancing the fulfillment of human needs
alongside protection of the natural environment to ensure human needs can be
met presently and in the future. Sustainable development is defined as
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs (World Commission On
Environment & Development, 1987).
Housing is recognized
by the United Nation as a human right, yet Nigeria’s low-income households in
particular struggle when it comes to adequate shelter. The urban population in
the country has increased from 10% in 1952 to 47.8% in 2015 with a housing
deficiency of about 14 million units. Most of the housing schemes delivered in
Nigeria to date target the high-end luxury market segment and, to some extent,
the middle class that has emerged over recent years and may increase due to the
economic growth and continuous industrialization. Housing scheme provided by government
has not been termed sustainable over the years and therefore it has created
maintenance problems to both the occupants and the managers.
Over the years, the
construction of residential houses in Nigeria has been the traditional style of
concrete structure, with block or brick wall partitions and different kinds of
floor, wall, electrical and plumbing fittings according to the availability of
funds of the user or owner. Lack of design innovation to a better and faster
way of construction has characterized the industry. The rate of urbanization in
Nigeria has witnessed tremendous increase in the last two decades. Census in
the early Fifties showed that there were about 56 cities in the country and
about 10.6% of the total population lived in these cities.
The goal of
Sustainable Housing Development (SHD) initiative as contained in Goal 11 of The
United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is “increased
access to sufficient, safe and low-cost housing for the world’s poorest people
residing in slums by the year 2030”.
From this viewpoint,
a sustainable house is characterized by futurity and equity issues which aims
to ensure that everyone today and the generations to come have a decent place
to live that is cheaper to run than existing houses. In addition to considering
land use, orientation, shadow and light, concern needs to focus on the
long-term costs – social, environmental and economic. The purpose of
sustainable housing is to raise the standard of living and to offer an
opportunity for people to have a decent house to enhance social unity,
well-being, economic growth and social improvement. Sustainable housing
concerns not only the fabric of buildings but also the social and environmental
context of construction practices. In sustainable housing construction, the
concept of eco-efficiency is important and implies that a reduction in the
environmental impact of housing construction can be undone by trends such as an
increase in the average size of houses and decreasing the average number of
persons per house (Klunder 2004). Sustainability is not just about low energy,
it also means that people are happy to live where they live and that they live
in a healthy environment.
PROBLEM
STATEMENT
Sustainability issues
in residential buildings in many cities of the world and the search for factors
that influence the level of maintenance of residential buildings, with
appropriate measures to assist in the solutions to the problems of building
maintenance has been an issue of concern, most especially to the house
designers and developers in Benin, Edo State, Nigeria. Sustainability issues of
building include ways of constructing, maintaining and cleaning a facility that
maximizes its health, efficiency, cost-effectiveness and durability.
Maintenance of
residential buildings is one major factor of housing ills in many cities of the
world which needs urgent attention and cure. This problem seems pronounced most
especially in developing countries (Nigeria inclusive) where very little
emphasis is laid on building maintenance functions and management.
Consequently, maintenance of the existing housing stock in habitable condition
still remain a great problem to be solved in Nigeria among other countries and
Niger state among other states in Nigeria (Olagunju, 2011).
Newtechnological and
relational challengesarehavingprofound impact on housing requirements. Housing
is expected to respond to changingsocial norms, re-definitions of family,
demographic trends, and the need for sustainable living patterns (That the
built environment should serve users’ needsthroughthestagesoflife,and respect
cultural diversity is yet to become a research and design priority in many
developing nations (Shakur, 2005; Till,2009). chneider and Till,2007).