CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Prison is a place used for confinement
of convicted criminals. Aside from the death penalty a sentence to prison is
the harvest punishment imposed on criminals.
Prisons are designed to house people who have
broken the law and to move them from free society. In mates are locked away for
a set period of time and have very limited freedom during their incarceration.
Confinement in prison, also known as
a correctional facility, is the punishment that courts most commonly impose for
serious crimes, such as felonies for lesser crimes, courts usually Impose
short-term incarceration in a jail, detention center, or similar facility.
Confining criminals for long period
of time as the primary form of punishment is a relatively new concept.
Throughout history, various countries have imprisoned criminal offenders, but
imprisonment was usually reserved for pre detention or punishment of petty
criminals with a short term of confinement.
Using long-term imprisonment as the
primary punishment for convicted criminals began in the United States. In the
late eighteenth century, the nonviolent quarters in Pennsylvania proposed long
term confinement as an alternative to capital punishment. The Quakers stressed
solitude, silence, rehabilitation, hard work, and religious faith. was
originally intended not only as a punishment but an opportunity for renewal
through religion.
Modern prisons often hold hundreds or
thousands of inmates, and must have facilities onsite to meet most of their
needs, including dietary.
TYPES
OF PRISONS
Juvenile prison
Minimum, medium and
high security prison
psychiatric prison
military prison
THE
CASE TYPES AND OFFENCES IN RESPECT TO PRISON TYPES.
JUVENILE PRISON: an
individual under the age of 18 is considered a juvenile. Any one who is not of
a legal age is never locked up in a general prison with adults. They are
instead placed in a facility that is designed exclusively for juveniles.
MINIMUM SECURITY
PRISON: minimum security prisons are usually reserved for white collar
criminals who have committed acts such as embezzlement or fraud. Although these
are serious crimes, they are non-violent in nature and therefore the
perpetrators are not considered to be a risk for violence. These perpetrators
are sent to facilitate that offer a dormitory type living environment, fewer
guards and personal freedom.
MEDIUM SECURITY
PRISON: medium security prisons are the standard facilities used to house most
criminals guards and a much more regimented daily routine than minimum
security.
HIGH SECURITY PRISON:
high security prisons are reserved for the most violent and dangerous
offenders. These prisons include far more guards both minimum and medium
securities have very little freedom. Each person confined to such a prison is
considered to be a high-risk individual.
PSYCHIATRIC PRISON:
law-breakers who are deemed to be mentally unfit are sent to psychiatric
prisons that are designed with resemblances to hospitals. Once there, the
inmates, or patients receive psychiatric help for their mental disorders. As
with any prison that pursues methods of rehabilitation, psychiatric prisons are
intended to try and help people as opposed to just confining them as a means of
punishment.
MILITARY PRISON:
every branch of military has their own prison facilities that are used
specifically for military personnel who have broken laws that affect national
security, or to house prisoners of war. The treatment of these prisoners has
been a subject of much debate in recent times, and the definition of torture
for enemy combatants has becomes a controversial and often discussed topic.
CAPACITY
OF SOME NIGERIAN PRISONS
1. Maiduguri 1600
2. Yola 500
3. Gombe 379
4. kaduna convict
prison 889
5. Kano central
prison 690
6. Katsina central
prison 237
7. Benin 240
8. Sokoto central
prison 576
9. Zamfara medium
security
406
10. Makurdi 1149
11. Keffi 160
12. Ilorin 121
13. Kuje 560
14. Minna 149
15. Okene 160
16. Borstal prison
Kaduna 208
17. Jalingo
250
1.1
PROJECT DEFINITION
A prison is a
facility in which inmates are forcibly confined and denied a variety of
freedoms as a form of punishment.
Medium security
prison: is refers to that class of inmates who are eligible for placement at a
work camp with a secure perimeter but who are not eligible for placement in an
outside work assignment without armed supervision.
Medium security prisons are for
offenders with lower security concerns. These institutions limit inmate
activities but also encourage inmates to participate in various programs to
address their needs. Significant controls over inmate activities and privileges
are in place. The most common use of prisons is as part of a criminal justice
system, in which individuals officially charged with or convicted of crimes are
confined to a jail or prison until they either brought to trial to determine
their guilt or complete the period of incarceration they trial, outside of
their use for punishing civil crimes, authoritarian regimes also frequently use
prisons and jails as tools of political repression to punish political crimes,
often without trial or other legal due process; this use is illegal under most
forms of international law governing fair administration of justice. In times
of war or conflict, prisoners of war may also be detained in military prisons
or prisoner of war camps, and large groups of civilians might be imprisoned in
internment camps.
The medium security prisons are the
standard facilities used to house most criminals. They feature cage-style
housing, armed guards, and a much more regimented daily routine than minimum
security.