CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Paint Factory or
plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or
more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers process raw
materials into paint. Factories arose with the
introduction of
machinery during the industrial revolution when the capital and space
requirements became too great for cottage industry and workshops.
Paint is a
subdivision of surface coating. It is a relatively opaque solid coating applied
as thin layer whose films are usually formed by polymerization of
polyunsaturated oil. However, other subdivisions of surface coating include:
varnishes (clear
coating), enamels (pigmented varnishes), lacquers (film formed by evaporation
only), printing inks and polishes. Paints generally have very low thermal
conductivity, electrically inert and can be washed and cleaned.
The various raw
materials for making paints include pigments, vehicle, alkyd resins,
surfactants, solvents (thinners) and colouring matters.
Paints are classified
into two principal types:
Resin based paints
(Gloss finishes) and Latex based paints (Emulsion paints). The major difference
between the two is only in the types of vehicle used and cost.
· Resin based paints
are used for exterior and interior surfaces and are dry to a lustrous or shinny
finish.
· Emulsion (Latex)
paint involves the emulsion of 2-phases one of which is water and any other
phase.
Classically, emulsion
is a suspension of one phase in another. Latex paints have as their major film
forming constituent synthetic resin latex with or without other film forming
constituents added in an oil-water emulsion type
system. The
continuous phase consists of an alkali – dispersed hydropholic colloid in water
and contains two more
different types of
particles in suspension, styrene –butadeux (SBR) copolymer which was the
original quality film former in emulsion paint.
§ To create an ideal
factory architecture and to introduce a level of automation in the proposed
paint factory in Nigeria.
§ Finally, to help in
the state and Federal Government Programme in rural development and this could
be achieved through industrial development.
1.4
MOTIVATION
Establishing a house
or a commercial space does not stop at having the edifice erected on a piece of
land. This is since you have to make sure that your structure preserves its
excellent condition so that you can enjoy your investment for a long time.
There are many industrial methods that you can do to keep your home or your
workspace in good condition, but one of the most effective steps that you
should take is to have your walls re-applied with the right paint.
For decades now, net
and sprays have been the only effective methods for controlling the mosquitoes
that causes malaria and dengue. I think by introducing the factory, it will lay
more emphasize on protection by inventing a way of embedding pesticide in
microcapsule stirred into house paints. And this insecticide will be realized
slowly from the paint and will remain effective for two to four years, while
spray will be typically re-applied at least every 6 months.
The paint will act
like a vaccine for houses and buildings.
The minute amount of
pesticides releasedvastating from toinsec tthe. paint won’t be The introduction
or provision of paint factory in Makurdi will help to increase the
effectiveness of other producing industries around e.g.
· Most industries
producing steel and aluminum building cladding.
· For yatch, small
boats and craft, fishing fleets manufacturers.
· For all furniture
and plywood industries
· For most
petrochemical plants-protective coating
· For all kinds of
vessels that visit Nigeria port.
· For manufacturers
of refrigeration, bicycles, other household articles, drums and industrial
components –
powder paints.
· For building
industries etc
Therefore, one should
realize that this material is utilized in many industries and that such service
industry should be established for the propagation of other.
Finally, I intend to
increase the awareness of this service industry in Nigeria, and s
that’whatprompted my motivation towards proposing this project.
1.5
AIMS
The ultimate aim of
this project is to create, functional, simple, pleasing, economical, orderly,
flexible, safe and
convenient industrial
building –paint factory.
And to satisfy the
key words of the aims, the following are inevitable:
§ To achieve an
effective and efficient design for a factory with a serious view to
flexibility, adaptability and versatility of the building structures.
Therefore, the aim is to realize a purely functional planning with a specific
purpose of smooth and maximum efficient working of the different machineries,
the administration of the complex and the overall production.
To create a system
that will allow personnel; operational and administrative to enjoy efficient
and pleasant working environment. To provide efficient circulation system
between the individual units of the factory and within the layout as a whole
thereby facilitating easy movement and assemblage of raw materials and
distribution of finished products.
To enhance the
psychology of workers towards efficiency by creating an aesthetical industrial
architecture.
To reflect the use to
which the factory is to be put into which will be in form of an advertisement
for the products.
There will be a
deviation from the old idea which emphasizes much on mass to a modern approach
which gives emphasis on lines and planes (volume).
1.6
SCOPE OF WORK
The factory will
undertake on mass production basis, the manufacture of paints and other paint
products. It will also
consist of four major
paints of an industrial building;
§ Research
§ Manufacturing
§ Administration and
§ Welfare.
The research includes
laboratory and library to investigate and recommend possible way of producing
better
products and raw
materials.
The manufacturing
section, according to the manufacturing process, include: dispersion, mixing,
sieving and canning.
The administration
comprises of offices, personnel and sales while
The welfare section
includes the factory cline and staff canteen.
Other components
include the maintenance block, staffproducts,and deliveryvisito bays and yards
etc.
1.7
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
To really collect
important information towards the realization of this project and to make an
important contribution to
Architecture, some
research activities had been carried out and data collected through; Visits to
existing paint factories site of the projects to determine their production
processes, organizational chart and determine the requirement and conditions to
be fulfilled in the setting up of such factory.
§ Use of libraries,
research institute, books, journals and unpublished manuscript of thesis
reports.
§ Visits to relevant
Government establishment like the ministry of commerce and industry, for
collection of data,
byelaws, history and
other important information.
§ Personal interview
of some people.
§ Internet.
1.8
LIMITATION OF RESEARCH
Due to the limitation
of standard paint factories in Nigeria, one is limited to researching with only
the small scale private paint factories.
In researching with
the private factories it was discovered that the factories were over protective
of their setting.
They feared that
their competitors might get hold of information given out for the research and
have a hold over them. Some of them that co-operated discourage photographs.
Also the fact that
the country is not in peace due to the Boko Haram and other threats, the
factories are conscious and at the same time trying to protect their life and
properties.
Materials on paint
factories are not much available in libraries, research institutes, records and
documents on paint factories in Nigeria.
1.9
IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT
The importance or the
breaks through this project hope to achieve are:
· To provide a
comprehensive setting for paint industry in Nigeria in order to help improve
the economy attains
technology and
industrial independence.
· To create job
opportunities for the increasing labour forces.
· It will help in
saving foreign exchange by providing goods which would have been purchased
abroad.
1.10
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF FACTORY
The factory began
with the shop-connected residence as in Ancient Egypt, then the open air
workshops and the home the home industry as in Greece. Then, some specialized
craft and trades like metal smiting, carpentry, pottery,shoe making were home
industry; therefore, operation were in dwelling houses.