PUBLIC ENTERPRISE REFORM IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY
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PUBLIC ENTERPRISE REFORM IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY
PUBLIC ENTERPRISE REFORM IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY Abstract
This study examines the qualitative and quantitative
evidence relating to allocative and productive efficiency in the publicly owned
Nigerian Telecommunications Limited (NITEL) in the wake of its
commercialization and the deregulation in 1992. Estimates of changes in
internal efficiency using total factor productivity analysis suggest a
substantial improvement in efficiency as a result of the regime shift.
Furthermore, the reform undertaken resulted in increased profitability, network
expansion and modernization of telecommunications services. However, the momentum generated by reform has
proved impossible to sustain. The industry is still characterized by
under-investment and large unmet demand. The study recommends greater private
sector participation in the delivery of telecommunications services in Nigeria,
the introduction of competition in the sector, and the strengthening of ongoing
reform efforts to embrace full privatization of NITEL with a view to overcoming
protracted constraints on telecommunications performance and growth.
CHAPTER ONE
In recent years, several developing countries have embarked
on the reform of public enterprises, including privatization, within the
framework of macroeconomic reform and liberalization. More than 100 countries
across every continent, most of them developing, have privatized some of their
state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Equally striking is the volume of transactions.
Between 1988 and 1993, over 26,000 privatization transactions with sales values
exceeding US$50,000 each were recorded world-wide, generating a gross receipt
of US$271 billion. Of these
transactions, about 900 were conducted in 1993 alone, against only about 60 in
1988. Developing and transition economies accounted for much of this tremendous
growth (Sader, 1995). Between 1988 and 1994, developing countries around the
world sold about 3,300 SOEs, with sales revenue rising from only US$2.6 billion
at the beginning of the period to a peak of US$29 billion in 1992 (Megyery and
Sader, 1997).
The resort to privatization/commercialization was informed
by several considerations. First, by 1985, the quantum of resources required to
sustain the SOEs had become an unbearable burden on the affected nations.
Second, it was envisaged that a carefully planned privatization programme would
be an effective strategy for improving operational efficiency, broadening share
ownership, attracting foreign investment and reducing the role of the state
where the private sector has the capabilities to operate more efficiently.
Finally, since the beginning of the 1980s, privatization of public enterprises
has become a major policy tool in both developed and developing countries
following the apparently successful privatization programme in Britain.
Privatization gained considerable momentum in developing countries given its
endorsement by the multilateral financial institutions as a major plank of
adjustment policies. The urge for privatization was further reinforced by the
need to reduce government expenditure in the face of burgeoning fiscal
deficits, and was also in conformity with the resurgence of “economic
liberalism” in the development literature.
PUBLIC ENTERPRISE REFORM IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY
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This study examines the qualitative and quantitative evidence relating to allocative and productive efficiency in the publicly owned Nigerian Telecommunications Limited (NITEL) in the wake of its commercialization and the deregulation in 1992. Estimates of changes in internal efficiency using total factor productivity analysis suggest a substantial improvement in efficiency as a result of the regime shift. Furthermore, the reform undertaken resulted in increased profitability, network expansion and modernization of telecommunications services. However, the momentum generated by reform has proved impossible to sustain. The industry is still characterized by under-investment and large unmet demand. The study recommends greater private sector participation in the delivery of telecommunications services in Nigeria, the introduction of competition in the sector, and the strengthening of ongoing reform efforts to embrace full privatization of NITEL with a view to overcoming protracted constraints on telecommunications performance and growth... accounting project topics
PUBLIC ENTERPRISE REFORM IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY