ABSTRACT
The
stream water was examined for microorganism present in it. The isolated and
identified bacteria are Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.
While fungi are Aspergilllus niger and Sacchromyces cerevisae Pnicillium chrysogenum.
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE I
CERTIFICATION II
DEDICATION III
ACKNOWLEDGMENT IV
TABLE OF CONTENT V
ABSTRACT VI
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
– 2
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
– 6
2.1 PURPOSE OF STUDY 6
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 7
3.1 STERILIZATION OF MATERIALS 7
3.2 COLLECTION OF SAMPLE 7
3.3 PREPARATION OF MEDIA 7 – 8
3.4 SERIAL DILUTION 8
3.5 INOCULATION OF AGAR 8
3.6 SUB-CULTURING OF MICROBIAL GROWTH 8
3.7 MAINTENANCE OF PURE CULTURE 8
3.8 CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNGAL ISOLATES 9
3.9 CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES 9
3.9.0 GRAM STAINING 9
3.9.1 SPORE STAINING 10
3.9.2 COAGULASE TEST 10
3.9.3 OXIDASE TEST 10
3.9.4 CATALASE TEST 10
3.9.5 MOTILITY TEST 10
– 11
3.9.6 IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGAL ISOLATES 11
3.9.7 IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES 11
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 12
– 15
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 16 – 17
REFERENCES 18
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Water
is the one of the most common substances known and it is good solvent for many
substances, water occur at room temperature as clear, colourless, tasteless
liquid which freezing into ice at zero degree centigrade and boil at 1000c.
it is essential for life on earth.
According
to World Health Organization (WHO) in 1967 is the most important need of living
things, it is second only to the air we breath, in fact some scientist believe
that all life began in water. Also water is a molecule that consist of two
hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, when these atoms are heated to a high
temperature they join to for water. It occurs in three natural states solid,
liquid and gaseous states. Water and ice covered about 75% of the earth surface
and water vapour is an important constituent of the atmosphere (Ababio 1985) It
exists under major two types which include:.
Surface Water: They
include the streams, lakes, and shallow wells. The air through which the rain
passes may contaminate the water.
Ground Water: They
originate from deep well and subterraneous springs. This is virtually free of
bacteria due to filtering action of soil deep sand and rock. However, it may be
come contaminated when it flows along the channels.
Water
in Microbiology can be contaminated when it contains a chemical or biological
poison or an infectious agent. These condition also apply to water which is
polluted except that the agent or poison is often obvious and water carries an
unpleasant taste or appearance. (Encyclopedia America 1988).
Portability
refers to the drinkability of water when it is fit for drinking, when
unportable it is unfit for consumption due to some contaminant or pollutant
(Earnet 1974) other sources of contamination are various types of
establishments and agricultural farm etc. Possible sources of microbial
contamination of a body of water are soil and agricultural run-off, farm
animals, industrial waste, discharges from sewage treatment plants and storm
water run-off from urban areas.
Contamination
by sewage or human excrement and pollution by animals causes the greatest
danger associated with drinking water in most developing countries. So it is
necessary to examine the quality of water before consumption.
Monitoring
and detection of indicator and disease causing microorganisms are a major part
of sanitary microbiology. Bacteria from the intestinal tract generally do not
survive in the aquatic environment. They are under physiological stress and
gradually lose their ability to form colonies on differential and selective
media (Prescott 7th Edition).