CONTROL ROD CALIBRATION OF NIGERIA RESEARCH REACTOR -1 (NIRR-1) USING POSITIVE PERIOD METHOD
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CONTROL ROD CALIBRATION OF NIGERIA RESEARCH REACTOR -1 (NIRR-1) USING POSITIVE PERIOD METHOD
PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS ON CONTROL ROD CALIBRATION OF NIGERIA RESEARCH REACTOR -1 (NIRR-1) USING POSITIVE PERIOD METHOD
ABSTRACT
Calibration of control rod has become an essential tool for
measuring the reactivity changes in a reactor. The Positive Period
Method of control rod calibration was shown to be a relatively
independent, more accurate and well suited to the core configuration and
control rod mechanism of low power reactors. The Nigeria Research
Reactor-1 (NIRR-1) is a low power Miniature Neutron Source Reactor
(MNSR). In this work, NIRR-1 control rod was calibrated from 107mm to
177mm withdrawal length at a low flux of 5 x 109 ncm2s-1. This flux and
length was chosen to contain effects on reactivity due to temperature
variation. Doubling times measurements were carried out in conjunction
with the “Inhour” data to obtain reactor periods and their corresponding
reactivities. The integral reactivities obtained were plotted against
control rod withdrawal positions. The plot was compared with the s-shape
integral curve earlier obtained for NIRR-1 during the zero power
experiments in China and the two figures were found to be in agreement.
The integral rod worth of (3.34) mk obtained here was also compared with
the in-built full rod length total reactivity worth of 7mk and was
found to have accounted for 47.8% of the length. This result is an
indication that 10mm withdrawal length is approximately equivalent to
0.56mk reactivity insertion and the length used here is the most
reactive portion of the control rod. It also shows that only 30% of the
control rod length is required to achieve the characteristic s-shape
curve using the positive period method. The uncertainty of 3.29%
obtained in the integral rod worth is found to be within the margin of
experimental results. This has satisfied the safety requirements of MNSR
for shutdown margin. Our work has demonstrated that routine calibration
of the MNSR control rod via positive period method is possible and
satisfied all safety requirements, and thus recommended.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The central characteristics of a nuclear reactor are its
controllable, self-sustaining fission chain reaction which releases
useful neutrons and energy (CNSC, 2003). This controllability was shown
to be greatly achieved via control rod motion and as such the knowledge
of a reactor‟s response to specific control rod motions is essential for
the safety, efficiency, operation and durability of a nuclear research
reactor (Souza and Mesquita, 2010).
Research reactors are nuclear reactors that are majorly neutron
source. Also called non-power reactors, the major contrasts between them
and power reactors are that power reactors are utilized for electricity
production, heat generation, or maritime propulsion while the neutrons
produced by a research reactor are used for
several purpose which include scattering, non-destructive testing, analysis and testing of materials, production of
radioisotopes, research
and public outreach and education. Research reactors comprise a wide
range of civil and commercial nuclear reactors which are generally not
used for power generation (Ahmed
et al, 2006). Over 270
research reactors are currently operating in more than 50 countries
(Parrish and Nicholas, 2007). Research reactors are separated into
various classes of which one of such is the Miniature Neutron Source
Reactor (MNSR) which the Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1) fall under.
The Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1), is the 8th commercial
Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR) designed by China Institute of
Atomic Energy (CIAE). First criticality was achieved on 03 February
2004. It is particularly designed for use in neutron activation analysis
(NAA) and limited radioisotope production.
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Calibration of control rod has become an essential tool for measuring the reactivity changes in a reactor. The Positive Period Method of control rod calibration was shown to be a relatively independent, more accurate and well suited to the core configuration and control rod mechanism of low power reactors. The Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1) is a low power Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR). In this work, NIRR-1 control rod was calibrated from 107mm to 177mm withdrawal length at a low flux of 5 x 109 ncm2s-1. This flux and length was chosen to contain effects on reactivity due to temperature variation. Doubling times measurements were carried out in conjunction with the “Inhour” data to obtain reactor periods and their corresponding reactivities. The integral reactivities obtained were plotted against control rod withdrawal positions. The plot was compared with the s-shape integral curve earlier obtained for NIRR-1 during the zero power experiments in China and the two figures were found to be in agreement. The integral rod worth of (3.34) mk obtained here was also compared with the in-built full rod length total reactivity worth of 7mk and was found to have accounted for 47.8% of the length... physics project topics
CONTROL ROD CALIBRATION OF NIGERIA RESEARCH REACTOR -1 (NIRR-1) USING POSITIVE PERIOD METHOD