ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PROFILE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK IN AKURE, ONDO STATE

ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PROFILE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK IN AKURE, ONDO STATE

Department: micro-biology project topics | Type: Project topics and materials | Format: Ms Word, PDF | Attribute: Documentation Only | Pages: 31 Pages | Chapters: 1-5 chapters | Price: ₦ 3,000.00

1,715 marked this research material reliable.
Call or whatsapp: +2347063298784 or email: info@allprojectmaterials.com
ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PROFILE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK IN AKURE, ONDO STATE

ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PROFILE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK IN AKURE, ONDO STATE


ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from apparently healthy domestic livestock viz, cow, goats, and chicken from Akure, Ondo State Nigeria, E. coli was isolated using Eosin methylene Blue Agar (EMB) and identified by conventional microbiology technique. The isolate were tested against 14 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. A total of 42 different antibiotics resistance profile were observed with each isolate showing resistance to at least four or more drugs tested. Generally the E. coli isolates showed resistance rates of 93.8% to ampicillin, 16.% to chloramphenicol, 57.5% to cloxacillin, 75.5% to Erythromycin, 20% to Gentamicin, 60.5% to penicillin, 19.5% to streptomycin, 25.8% to Ceftazidine, 45.8% to Cefuroxine,22.2% to cefixine 30.6% to Loxacin, 65.9% to augmentin, 26% nitrofurantoin, 29.3% to ciprofloxacin, 70.3% to tetracycline. This study showed that averages number of resistance phenotypes per isolate was significantly higher for goat and cow compared with poultry. A significant public health concern observed  in this study is that multi drug resistance commena E. coli strains may constitute a potential reservoir of resistance genes that could be transferred to pathogenic bacteria

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW

ANTIBIOTICS

Antibiotics are naturals substances secreted by bacterial and funji to kill other bacteria that are competing for limited nutrients (Bud, 2007). The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman and his collaborators in journal articles to describe substance produced by a microorganism that is cribe substances produced by a microorganism in high dilution. Many antibacterial components are relatively small molecules with a molecular weight of less than 2000 atomic mass units (Dorlands, 2010).

 

With advances in medicinal chemistry, most of today antibacterial chemically are semi synthetic modifications of various nautral compound (Nussbaum, 2006). These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibacterial, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus penicillum), the cephalosporins and the carbapenems. In accordance with thus many antibacterial compound are classified on the basis of chemical biosynthetic origin into natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic.

Another classification system is based on biological activity, in this classification, antibacterial are divided into two broad group according to their biological effect micro-organism bactericidal agent that kill bacteria and bacteriostatic agents that slow down or stall bacteria growth (Nussbaum, 2006).

Pencillin, the first natural antibiotics discovered by Alexander fleming in 1928. 

Escherichia coli is the head of the bacterial family, entero bacteriaceae, the enteric bacteria, which are facultatively anaerobic aram-negative rods that live in the intestinal tracts of animal in health and disease. The entero bacteriaceae are among the most important bacteria medically. A number of genera (e.g. salmonella, shigella, yersinia). Several others are normal colonists of the human gastro intestinal tract (e.g. Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella) but the bacteria as well, may occasionally be associated with diseases of humans. (Kubitschek, 1990).

Physiologically, Escherichia coli is versatile and well-adapted to its characteristic habitats. It can grow in media with glucose as the sole organic constituent wild-type Escherichia coli has no growth factor requirements, and metabiologically it can transform glucose into all of the macromolecular components that make up the cell. The bacterium can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen (O2) under anaerobic conditions it will grow by means of fermentation, producing characteristic “mixed acids and gas” as end product. However, it can grow by means of anaerobic respiration, since it is able to utilize No3, No2 or fumarate as final election acceptors for respiratory election transport processes. In part, E. coli to its intestinal (anaerobic) and its extraintestinal (aerobic or anaerobic habitats) (Kubitschek, 1990).  

Escherichia coli can respond to environmental signals such as chimerical, pH, temperature, osmolarity etc. in a number of very remarkable ways considering its is a unicellular organism. For example, it can sense the presence or absence of chemicals and gases in its environment and swim towards or away from them. Or it can stop swimming and grow fimbriae that will specifically attach it to a cell or surface receptor. In response to change in temperature and osmolarity, it can vary the pore diameter of its outer membrane porins to accommodate larger molecules (nutrients) or to exclude inhibitory substances. With its complex mechanisms for regulation of metabolism the bacterium can survey the chemical contents in its environment in advance of synthesizing any enzymes that metabolized these compounds. It does not wastefully produce enzymes for degradation of carbon sources unless they are available, and it does not produce enzymes for synthesis of metabolites if they are available as nutrients in the environment (Ishii et al., 2009).

Escherichia coli is a consistent inhabitant of the human intestinal tract, and it is the predominate facultative organism in the human gastro intestinal tract, however, it makes up a very small proportion of the total bacterial content. The anaerobic bacteriodles species in the bowel out number E. coli by at least 20:1. However the regular presence of E. coli. In the human intestine and faces has led to tracking the bacterium in nature as an indicator offaecal pollution and water contamination. As such, it is taken to mean that, wherever E. coli is found there may be faecal contamination by intestinal parasites of human (Fotadar et al. 2005).

ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PROFILE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK IN AKURE, ONDO STATE

Additional Information

  • The Project Material is available for download.
  • The Research material is delivered within 15-30 Minutes.
  • The Material is complete from Preliminary Pages to References.
  • Well Researched and Approved for supervision.
  • Click the download button below to get the complete project material.

Frequently Asked Questions

In-order to give you the best service available online, we have compiled frequently asked questions (FAQ) from our clients so as to answer them and make your visit much more interesting.

We are proudly Nigerians, and we are well aware of fraudulent activities that has been ongoing in the internet. To make it well known to our customers, we are geniune and duely registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission of the republic of Nigeria. Remember, Fraudulent sites can NEVER post bank accounts or contact address which contains personal information. Free chapter One is always given on the site to prove to you that we have the material. If you are unable to view the free chapter 1 send an email to info@researchcub.info with the subject head "FREE CHAPTER 1' plus the topic. You will get a free chapter 1 within an hour. You can also check out what our happy clients have to say.


Students are always advised to use our materials as guide. However, if you have a different case study, you may need to consult one of our professional writers to help you with that. Depending on similarity of the organization/industry you may modify if you wish.


We have professional writers in various disciplines. If you have a fresh topic, just click Hire a Writer or click here to fill the form and one of our writers will contact you shortly.


Yes it is a complete research project. We ensure that our client receives complete project materials which includes chapters 1-5, full references, questionnaires/secondary data, etc.


Depending on how fast your request is acknowledged by us, you will get the complete project material withing 15-30 minutes. However, on a very good day you can still get it within 5 minutes!

What Clients Say

Our Researchers are happy, see what they are saying. Share your own experience with the world.
Be polite and honest, as we seek to expand our business and reach more people. Thank you.

A Research proposal for antibiotics resistance profile of escherichia coli isolated from apparently healthy domestic livestock in akure, ondo state:
Reviews: A Review on antibiotics resistance profile of escherichia coli isolated from apparently healthy domestic livestock in akure, ondo state, antibiotics, resistance, profile project topics, researchcub.info, project topic, list of project topics, research project topics, journals, books, Academic writer.
This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from apparently healthy domestic livestock viz, cow, goats, and chicken from Akure, Ondo State Nigeria, E. coli was isolated using Eosin methylene Blue Agar (EMB) and identified by conventional microbiology technique. The isolate were tested against 14 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. A total of 42 different antibiotics resistance profile were observed with each isolate showing resistance to at least four or more drugs tested. Generally the E. coli isolates showed resistance rates of 93.8% to ampicillin, 16.% to chloramphenicol, 57.5% to cloxacillin, 75.5% to Erythromycin, 20% to Gentamicin, 60.5% to penicillin, 19.5% to streptomycin, 25.8% to Ceftazidine, 45.8% to Cefuroxine,22.2% to cefixine 30.6% to Loxacin, 65.9% to augmentin, 26% nitrofurantoin, 29.3% to ciprofloxacin, 70.3% to tetracycline. This study showed that averages number of resistance phenotypes per isolate was significantly higher for goat and cow compared with poultry. A significant public health concern observed in this study is that multi drug resistance commena E. coli strains may constitute a potential reservoir of resistance genes that could be transferred to pathogenic bacteria.. micro-biology project topics

ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PROFILE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK IN AKURE, ONDO STATE

Project Information

Share Links

Download Post (MsWord)
Download Post (PDF)

Search for Project Topics

Project topics in Departments

Do you need a writer for your academic work?