ABSTRACT
In thus work the incidence of candidacies was studied using selected
patients of university of Nigeria teaching hospital Enugu analyzed for
the presence of candidacies yeast infection. The specimens were cultured
on seaboards agar and blood agar and subculture isolated were C
aibicans C Tropical C Knusei C Pseudoizo P cals C paraknusei and
C stellatoides. The prevalence of candidacies among patients of UNTH
was monitored in terms of level of occurrence and microbial types. Also
the prevalence of candidicesis infection was 40% samples under study.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1:1 introduction
1.2 Aim and objectives
1.3 Statement of problem
1.4 Singnificant of study
1.5 Scope of study
1.6 Limitation
1.7 Hypothesis
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Methodology
3.2 Sterilization of methodology
3.3 Population sample
3.4 Preparations of culture media
3.5 Collection of samples
3.6 Identification of isolates
3.7 Antibiotle sensitivity disc testing
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Results
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Recommendation
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Reference
5.4 Appendix
LIST OF TABLE
Table I
Age distribution and incident of candidacies. Infection among single and married women of different age group patients unit
Table II
Diameter of zone of l one of inhibition of the organisms with each antibiotic after 24 hours incubation
Table III
Antimicrobial senses pattern of organisms isolated
Table IV
The protein of 80 urine sample detected with aibustixstrips.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Candeda: This is a yeast like fungi several of which cause disease in
man about 90% of infection are to candida albicans, which is normally
present in mouth, intestine and veginal it is responsible for the
infection in the sites defense mechanisms (carousal 1990)
Candida abbacies usually appears as oval yeast like cell that
reproduce by budding however in infected areas. Filamentous hyphare plus
pseudolyphae (which consist of elongated yeast cells that remain
attached to each other many also be seen the yeast is easily grown at
250c 40 37 0c on sabouraudis glucose agar and if grown on cor a meal
agar at 250c the organism can produce many characteristic thick walled
chlamydospore Van leeuweuhoed (2 000) candida albicans is measured about
2.5 to 4.0 wm in diameter which can gives rise to pseudomycellun, in
the body it has no sexual form the body it has no sexual form in poor
medic at temperature of 2b0c it produces thick wall and resting cells
is about 7 to 17 m in test positive in maminaliam serum it has the
ability to split urear. it is pathogenic to rabbits. guinea Pig s and
with where it cause abscesses in the kidney when give intran Veroush
(Eleke, 2002).
Oral candidacies oral candidacies also called oral thrush) occurs and
most frequently in the new born and is probably acquired during
passage through and infected vagina the yeast appears as a creamy grade
membrane covering the tongue and appears able to produce disease only
because of the absence of their resident normal flora (Prescott et al;
1994) if thrush has not occurred by the 3rd day of life it is likely
that it will appear but it should occur which will usually disappear
without treatment as other members of the normal flora are acquired
Oral thrush in order children or Adults may occur as a result of
endocrine disturbance or ceutaninosis (Particularity a deficiency of rib
flauin as a complication of diabeta, as a result of poor oral hyepene
or following the administration of corticosteroides or autibutics oral
thrush also occur in bottle feed infants which the magnification of my
white patches cowering red raw areas of mucous manbrance vanities ,
vagines cendiass is seen most frequents in women with diabetes, milieus
deny pregnamai or following prolonged antibiotic therapy. The prominent
symptom is a yellow, milk, veginals discharge yeast cells and pseudo my
cell can be found on the mucous membrane and such infections may result
in an intense inflammation of the entire ingunal area according to Atlas
199: 13) he state vaginal thrush in pregnant women are susceptible
here with production of whish discharge with a pH below 5.2. Alimentary
candidacies. Alimentary candidacies may follow essentially any of the
predisposing conditions listed for adult oral thrush; however the
majority of cases occur as a result of prolonged broad spectrum
antibiotics therapy which destoirys a large part of the normal flora of
the intestine. The organisms may also cause interse inflammation of the
parinal region the region around the arws and may spread to the and
thing coetaneous are systemic candidacies infection of the skin by
Candida usually occurs in those with metabolic disorders in those whose
obesity result in continuously most tools of skin or in persons in whom
part of the body are kept moist under surgical dressings According to
Prescott et al (1999, 18) systemic candidacies is exlvecnely but in
debilitated person or those receiving immuno suppresure drugs sandida
albicans can cause urinary trait infection endocarditis and meningitis
chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is also a rare syndrome in which the
skin mucous membranes hair and nails become infected, such infections
appears to occur in persons with T. cell defects manifested by their
inability to respond to Candida certigens, in addition to vaging yeast
infections the acid environment of the veginal and the proliferation of
normal vaginal bacterial limited its growth when the environment of the
vegina changes, situations that change the environment of the birth
control pills. Which often change the vaginal pH or taking bread
spectrum cutibioties such as tertiary cline which kills the normal
vaginal bacteria in addition, patients with Aids of uncontrolled
eddiabetes often develop yeast infections.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence of fugal infection among the patients of UNTH Enugu
To determine the prevalence of fungal infection among single and married women of different age group patient
To determine the yeast type involved.
To determine the autimicrobial sensitivity pattern of isolates involves.
1.3 SCOPE OF STUDY
This research work is limited to only patients of single and married
women of different a group in hematology laboratory in university
teaching hospital Enugu. The work was carried out with the use the
necessary material such as early morning urine, HVS swab samples which
was collected from those women vaginal
1.4 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Candidiasis has caused a lot of problem in our societies this days
because of has the nature of the disease look like such as the
discomfort it causes to people like itching which causes a lot of
embrcincement to people publicly
Secondary the to candidiasis cause frequented urinating people that
are suffering from the disease will not found it easy to stay in a
public for a long time without beivery disgrace by this infection
another problem with this infection is when it stays long in the body it
will make the person that is suffering from it to be smelling due to
severe discharge.
1.5 SINGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The study of this research topic will provide more constructor frame
work to formation or creating a way of Eradicating the infection (
candidiasis it also help to educate people the cause and consequence of
the infection candidacy. It will also help the communities to know the
risk of staring thing that makes people to contact the disease, it will
also help to provide precaution measure that will help in preventing the
infection.
finally this research work will help to reduce the high rate of the disease occurrence and gives an insight into our communities
1.8 HYPOTHESIS
H0 The infection (candidiasis) is more prevalent in single women than married women
H1 The infection (candidiasis) is more prevalent in married women than in single women
H2 pregnancy is one of the factors that can change the pH or taking broad spectrum antibiotics.