CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Background
of the study
Economic
development of Nigeria has over the period been inconsistent despite its window
dressing. Economic growth and
development in Nigeria is inevitable for a better and prosperous living. In
adequately studying economic growth and development, a lot of predictors or
determinants must be studied as well to have a comprehensive grip on the socio
economic development of the nation. Two cardinal factors that may influence the
socio economic development of any nation, Nigeria inclusive are the birth and death
rates. The performance of the economy of any nation to a very large extent
hinges on these two factors. Increased or decreased birth or death rates have
its implications on the socio economic development of a country. Countries that
want to be wealthy must not joke or toil with the study of birth and death
rates in relationship to their economy.
BIRTH
RATE
The birth rate; in Nigeria was last measured at
41.24 in 2013, according to the World Bank. Crude birth rate indicates the
number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 populations
estimated at midyear or quarterly. Subtracting the death rate from the birth
rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of
population change in the absence of migration.
The birth rate (technically,
births/population rate) is the total number of live births per 1,000 of a
population in a year. The rate of births in a population is calculated in
several ways: live births from a universal registration system for births,
deaths, and marriages; population counts from a census, and estimation through
specialized demographic techniques. The birth rate (along with mortality and
migration rate) is used to calculate population and economic growth.In 2012 the
average global birth rate was 19.15 births per 1,000 total populations,
compared to 20.09 per 1,000 total populations in 2007.
The raw birth rate is
4.3 births/second for the world (2014 EST.).
DEATH
RATE
Death rate can be said to be the ratio
of total deaths to total population in a specified community or area over a
specified period of time. The death rate is often expressed as the number of
deaths per 1,000 of the population per year.
It
can also be said to be a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to
a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that
population, per unit of time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of
deaths per 1,000 individuals per year; thus, a mortality rate of 9.5 (out of
1,000) in a population of 1,000 would mean 9.5 deaths per year in that entire
population, or 0.95% out of the total. It is distinct from the so-called
"morbidity rate" (a vague term sometimes used to refer to either the
prevalence or incidence of a disease), and also from the incidence rate (the
number of newly appearing cases of the disease per unit of time).
Ordinarily speaking,
we can say that birth rate can be a number that shows how many people died in a
particular place or during a particular time or the number of deaths from a
specific cause in a particular area during a particular time period.
1.2.
Statement of the general problem
The
performance inconsistency of the economy of Nigeria has led us to this
research. Nigeria’s economy may have over the period neglected these two
important factors in being able to predict the economy in the coming years. Lack
of proper documentation of the birth and death rate in Nigeria which has led to
the inadequate economic planning has also been a major problem confronting
Nigeria.
1.3. Objectives of the study
1. To
know if the economy can be predicted from the birth rate.
2. To
know if there is a relationship between birth rate and the economy of Nigeria.
3. To
know if there is a relationship between death rate and the economy of Nigeria.
4. To
predict the economy of Nigeria using the birth and death rates.
5. To
know the nature of the relationship that exists amongst birth rate, death rate
and the economy of Nigeria.
6. To
recommend ways of ensuring adequate documentation of birth and death rates.
1.4. Research Questions
1. What
are the challenges of proper documentation of the birth and death rates?
2. Is
there a relationship between the birth rate and the economic status of Nigeria?
3. Can
the economy of the Nigeria be predicted using the birth and death rates?
4. What
is the nature of relationship that exists between birth, death rates and the
economy of Nigeria.
1.5. Research
hypotheses
H0:
there is no relationship between birth rate and the economy of Nigeria.
H1:
there is a relationship between birth rate and the economy of Nigeria.
H0:
there is no relationship between death rate and the economy of Nigeria.
H1:
there is a relationship between death rate and the economy of Nigeria.
H0:
there is no relationship between death rate, birth rate and the economy of
Nigeria.
H1:
there is a relationship between death rate, birth rate and the economy of
Nigeria.
1.6. Significance of the study
The
significance of this study is to educate researchers firms, hospitals, families
and other related organizations on the need to ensure adequate documentation of
the birth and death rates as it helps in effective economic planning of
Nigeria.
1.7. Scope of the
study
This
study is restricted to the impact of birth and death rates on the socio
economic development of Nigeria.
1.8. Definition of terms
Ø Birth rate: the
number of births every year for every 1000 people in the population of a place.
Ø Death rate: the
number of deaths every year for every 1000 people in the population of a place.
Ø Economy:the
relationship between production, trade and the supply of money in a particular
country or region.
REFERENCE
Abernethy,
Virginia Deane. 2002. Population Dynamics: Poverty, Inequality, and
Self-Regulating Fertility Rates.
Ahlburg,
Dennis A. 1998. Julian Simon and the Population Growth Debate.
Blanchet,
Didier. 1991. on Interpreting Observed Relationships between Population Growth
and Economic Growth: A Graphical Exposition.
Bucci,
Alberto. 2008. Population growth in a model of economic growth with human
capital accumulation and horizontal R&D.
Caldwell,
John. 1987. towards a Restatement of Demographic Transition Theory.
In Perspectives in Population
Edgar M. Hoover. 1958. Population Growth
and Economic Development in Low-Income Countries: A Case Study of India's
Prospects
Edward
M., Ansari Z. Ameen, and Matthew Christenson. 1997. Population Dynamics and
Economic Development: Age-Specific Population Growth Rates and Economic Growth
in Developing Countries, 1965 to 1990.