CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA: A THREAT TO SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

ABSTRACT

This study was intended to evaluate corruption in Nigeria; a threat to sustainable economic development. This study was guided by the following objectives; To appraise the nature of corruption in Nigeria, To determine the causes and effect of corruption on   sustainable economic development in Nigeria. The study employed the explanatory design; secondary data extracted from the published annual reports of the commercial bank was used for the study. The secondary source used in conducting this research was based extensively on documentary sources also it involved Publications of Central Bank of Nigeria and monetary institutions, while regression statistical tool was used for the analysis. The model for the study comprises of two constructs Corruption index (CI) and employment (em). The study findings revealed that That the level of corruption has an effect on economic development in Nigeria.

The study shall project the ill effect of corruption on the economic development of Nigeria.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        i

Approval Page   -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        ii

Declaration        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        iii

Dedication          -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        iv

Acknowledgement      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        v

Abstract    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        vi

Table of Contents       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        vii

CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION

1.1    Background of the Study    -        -        -        -        -       

1.2    Statement of General Problem   -        -        -        -       

1.3    Objective of the Study         -        -        -        -        -        -       

1.4    Research Questions   -        -        -        -        -        -       

1.5    Hypothesis   -      -      -      -      -      -      -        -        -       

1.6    Significance of the Study    -        -        -        -        -       

1.7    Scope of the Study      -        -        -        -        -        -       

1.8    Definition of Terms    -        -        -        -        -        -       

CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1    Introduction       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

2.2    Theoretical Framework      -        -        -        -        -        -        -

2.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK    -        -        -        -        -        -       

2.3 THE CONCEPT OF CORRUPTION       -        -        -        -        -       

2.5 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF CORRUPTION -        -        -       

2.6 CAUSES OF CORRUPTION          -        -        -        -        -        -        -

2.6 SOLUTIONS TO CORRUPTION PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA-    -       

CHAPTER THREE – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1    Introduction       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

3.2    Research Design         -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

3.3    Area of the Study       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

3.4    Population of Study   -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

3.5    Sample size and Sampling Techniques        -        -        -        -        -

3.6    Instrument for Data Collection   -        -        -        -        -        -

3.7    Validity of the Instrument -        -        -        -        -        -        -

3.8    Reliability of the Instrument       -        -        -        -        -        -

3.9    Method of Data Collection  -        -        -        -        -        -        -

3.10  Method of Data Analysis    -        -        -        -        -        -        -

CHAPTER FOUR – DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.0    Introduction       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

4.1    Data Presentation and Analysis -        -        -        -        -        -

4.2    Characteristics of the Respondents     -        -        -        -        -

4.3    Data Analysis    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

4.4    Testing Hypothesis    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

4.5    Summary of Findings          -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

4.6    Discussion of Findings        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

CHAPTER FIVE – SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0    Introduction       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

5.1    Summary  -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

5.2    Conclusion         -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

5.3    Recommendations      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

          References -       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

Appendix  -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Amuwo (2005) and Obayelu (2007) consider corruption as the exploitation of public position, resources and power for private gain. Fjeldstad&Isaksen (2008, p. 3) and Ogundiya (2009, p. 5) define corruption as “the betrayal of public trust for individual or sectional gain.” Obayelu went further to identify corruption as “efforts to secure wealth or power through illegal means for private gain at public expense; or a misuse of power for private benefit.” Corruption covers a broad spectrum of activities ranging from fraud (theft through misrepresentation), embezzlement (misappropriation of corporate or public funds) to bribery (payments made in order to gain an advantage or to avoid a disadvantage). From a political point of view, Aiyede (2006, p. 5) views corruption as “the abuse or misuse of public or governmental power for illegitimate private advantages.” His view corroborates the position of Lipset and Lenz (2000) that corruption is an effort to secure wealth or power through illegal means for private benefit at public expense. Tanzi (1998) adds that such abuse of public power may not necessarily be for one’s private benefit but for the benefit of one’s party, class, tribe, or family. Although corruption is global in scope, it is more pronounced in developing societies because of their weak institutions. It is minimal in developed nations because of existing institutional control mechanisms which are more developed and effective.

The effects of corruption on a nation’s economy are damaging. A nation inundated with corruption cannot be viable economically; neither can the system generate enough support/ affection required for the survival of democratic system. This is a situation in Nigeria where corruption has become part and parcel of the political culture. Corruption has indeed robbed Nigerians the benefit of economic development because scarce available resources that should have been deployed to execute development project have gone into private foreign accounts.

Corruption is widespread in Nigeria, not because the people are different from other parts of the world, but because the conditions are ripe for it. There are many reasons why this is so. The motivation to earn income from among the populace is relatively stronger; exacerbated by poverty, unemployment and low wages. In many developing countries Nigeria inclusive, accountability is generally weak. Political competition and civil liberties are often restricted. Laws and principles of ethics in governance are poorly developed and the legal institutions charged with enforcing them are ill-prepared

The research seeks to investigate corruption in Nigeria as a threat to sustainable Economic development.

1.1      STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The problem confronting this research is to appraise corruption  in  Nigeria as a threat to sustainable economic development

1.2      RESEARCH QUESTION

1      What is the nature of corruption in Nigeria?

2      What are the causes of corruption in Nigeria?

3      What is the effect of corruption and unemployment on sustainable economic development in Nigeria?

1.3      OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1            To appraise the nature of corruption in Nigeria

2            To determine  the causes and effect of corruption on      sustainable economic development in Nigeria

1.4      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study shall project the ill effect of corruption on the economic development of Nigeria.

It shall also serve a veritable source of information on issues of corruption

1.5      STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

1.  H₀    there is no relationship between the corruption index and employment level.

H₁    there is a relationship between the corruption index and employment level.

2.  H₀   level of corruption does not have an effect on sustainable economic development in Nigeria

    H₁    level of corruption does not have an effect on economic           development in Nigeria

3.  H₀    there is no effect of corruption index and employment level on sustainable economic development in Nigeria.

H₁    there is an effect of corruption index and employment level on sustainable economic development in Nigeria.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study appraises corruption in Nigeria and elucidates its effect on sustainable economic development