TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE I
CERTIFICATION II
APPROVAL PAGE III
DEDICATION IV
ACKNOWLEDGMENT V
TABLE OF CONTENTS VI
ABSTRACT VII
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE
REVIEW 2
– 4
2.1 PURPOSE OF
STUDY 4
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS
AND METHODS 5
3.1 MATERIALS
USED 5
3.2 STERILIZATION
OF MATERIALS 5
3.3 COLLECTION
OF SAMPLE 5
3.4 PREPARATION
OF MEDIA 5
3.5 INOCULATION
OF MEDIA 5
3.6 SUB-CULTURING
OF FUNGAL ISOLATES 6
3.7 MAINTENANCE
OF PURE CULTURE 6
3.8 CHARACTERIZATION
AND IDENTIFICATION OF 6
FUNGAL ISOLATES 6
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION 7
4.1 RESULT 7
4.2 DESCRIPTION
OF FUNGAL ISOLATES 8
4.3 DISCUSSION
9
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION
AND RECOMMENDATION 10
– 11
REFERENCES 12
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Fungi are a major group of living
things, originally considered plants lacking chlorophyll, leaves, true stems,
roots and reproducing by spores, but now treated as the separate kingdom fungi.
They occur in all environments on the
planet and include important decomposers and parasites. Parasitic fungi infect
animals including human, other animals, birds, and insects with consequences
varying from mild itching to death, in general, humans have a high level of
inmate immunity to fungi and most of the infections they cause are mild and
self limiting (Adeleke, 2006).
Fungi
are contacted during our everyday routines, some which are potentially
pathogenic to human and other not human could be exposed simply by walking by a
construction areas were the oil has been disturbed and scattered into the wind
by the machinery, also can be exposed while jogging, hiking, hunting and
fishing. The study of fungi as animal and human pathogen is called mycology
(Emmons 1979)
Also, they are eukaryotic, unicellular,
or multi-cellular organisms that, because they lack chlorophyll, are dependent
upon external food sources. They are ubiquitous in all environments and play a
vital role in the Earth’s ecology by decomposing organic matter. Familiar fungi
includes yeasts, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket fungi. Many
species of fungi live as commensal organisms in or on the surfaces of the human
body. “Mold” is the common term for multicellular fungi that growths as a
material of intertwined microscopic filaments (hyphae). Exposure of molds and other fungi and their
spores is unavoidable except when the most stringent of air filtration,
isolation, and environmental sanitation measures are observed, e.g in organ transplant
isolation units.
Molds and other fungi may adversely
affect human health through three processes. (1) allergy (2) infection and (3)
toxicity. One can estimate that about 10% of the population has allergic
antibodies to fungal antigens. Only half of these, or 5%, would be expected to
show clinical illness. Furthermore, outdoor molds are generally more abundant
and important in airway allergic disease than indoor molds leaving the latter
with an important, but minor over all role in allergic airway disease.