ABSTRACT
This
work is aimed at designing and fabricating a spin dryer which can be
used in drying spent grains after brewing. This will no doubt save
considerable human labours and time wastage involved in conventional
method of drying the spent grains by spreading on the ground. It also
saves as a means of employments for our teaming population. This machine
was designed after due consideration of its ease of production,
maintenance and servicing.
Chapter
one gives account of the introductory background of the project.
Chapter two was the literature review of the project. Chapter three was
the synthesis of solution under which different alternatives, comparison
of alternatives and choice were discussed. In chapter four, effort was
made to discuss the Analysis and Theory of design. The details of
construction, Maintenance, Procedures and testing and evaluation were
discussed, In chapter five. After the testing, it was found to perform
effectively and efficiently. Chapter six became the home for Material
evaluation, machine and labour cost analysis. Finally was chapter seven,
where we based our discussion on the project, possible recommendations
and conclusion.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE – Introduction
1.1 Identification of Needs
1.2 Purpose of Construction
1.3 Importance and Specification of the project
1.4 Scope
Chapter Two – Literature Review
2.1 History about the project
2.2 Introduction of the project
Chapter Three – Synthesis of Solution
3.1 Different Alternative
3.2 Comparison of Alternatives and Choice
Chapter Four – Theory of Design and Analysis
4.1 Theory of Design
4.2 Analysis of Design
Chapter Five – Construction/Maintenance Procedures
5.1 Material Selection
5.2 Production Processes –Workshop Operational Sequences
5.3 Machining of Components
5.4 Assembly Procedures
5.5 Testing and Evaluation
Chapter Six
6.1 Material Costing Analysis
6.2 Machine Cost Analysis
6.3 Labour Cost Analysis
Chapter Seven
7.0 Discussion
7.1 Recommendation
7.2 Conclusion
Bibliography
Working Diagram.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 IDENTIFICATION OF NEEDS
Machine
design is the creation of new and better machines and improving the
existing ones. A new or better machine is one which is more economical
in the overall cost of production, operation and maintenance.
It
is on these background that we came out with a design of a machine,
which shall help in solving problems of drying spent grains in our
breweries.
The
major problem facing breweries in the country in how to utilize the
spent grains after brewing. Though some breweries use these spent grains
as aids by drying and burning them. We hence see this method of
recognition as not being economical but wasteful.
There
propelled us to designing a new method of drying these spent grains to
the required moisture content through the use of a SPIN DRYER. When
these spent grains are properly dried, it could be a major constituent
in the production of poultry feeds.
With
this spin dryer, the unemployed masses could gain jobs by fabricating
or buying this machine for drying of spent grains, and recycling it to a
useful feed for poultry.
It
is worthy to note that the production of a spin dryer is designed in a
way that even the unskilled workers could operate it, in fact, we are
designing this project as our quota towards the eradication of
unemployment and poverty, which this present government is wedging war
against.
Moreover,
technology could be bought, borrowed or stolen. Our project is a
borrowed technology from the western world, which was primarily used for
drying of clothes, but we have expanded this scope to deal favourably
with drying of spent grains to the desired moisture content.
1.2 THE PURPOSE OF CONSTRUCTION
This project is designed and constructed to achieve the following goals:
1. To design and construct a spin dryer that will recycle brewery waste (spent grains).
2. To design and construct a machine that can dry rapidly trough spinning.
3. To design and construct a machine that will have high degree of automatization.
4. To design and construct a machine that will take less drying time.
5. To design a machine that will be easy in construction but have high efficiency.
6. To design and construct a machine that will be cheap to operate and maintain.
7. To design and construct a machine that will require less energy.
8. To design and construct a machine that could impress on existing design taking into cognisance, areas of need.
1.3 IMPORTANCE AND SPECIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
The
importance attached to the design of the spin dryers is to achieve a
fast spinning and drying system for drying of spent grains.
The
machine is design in such a way that it does not require squeezing
presses to demoisture the spent grains in the perforated spin tub/basket
rather works on the theory of centrifugal motion where the spent
grains are spin in the machine away from the centres of rotation at
high velocity rate, squeezing the water out.
This
machine is design to remove excess water from spent grains in minutes
(it spin almost at a rate of 145orpm) by spinning twice the capacity of a
normal dryer. It is designed to have a longer life span and efficient
in its operation. It is driven by a 4kw (5h.p) motor, as the motor is
spinning the basket, the moisture content is drain to the drum. The drum
encloses the basket which is covered to prevent the moisture content
from splashing. Also a mesh is also provided in the spinning tub to
prevent escape of spent grains during spinning.