ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study
was to find out the effect of television educational programme on
children. One hundred and eighty respondents were randomly selected for
the study in Enugu Sate and questionnaires were distributed to them.
To accomplish this task, the following hypothesis were tested.
H1: Educational Programmes stimulate interest of school children in education,
H2: The timing and suitability of educational programmes on NTA channel 8 to children in Enugu State
H3: Visual aids used in educational programmes are sufficient to enhance understanding of educational programmes
H4:
educational programmes on television are more effective in educating
school children than academic activities in the school.
The tabularized and percentage statistical technique was used to test the above –formulated hypothesis.
After a carefully analysis, it was discovered that three of the
formulated hypotheses received statistical support while the remaining
one upheld the null hypothesis.
Based on the above findings, the researchers recommended among other
things, that there is need for N.T.A. Channel 8 Enugu to bring back to
our television educational programme that will improve the standard of
the education in the state.
The
researchers also suggest that for a more valid appraisals of this
research a similar study should be carried out in other parts of the
country.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
1.7 ASSUMPTION
1.8 LIMITATION OF STUDY
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
2.1 THE LITERATURE REVIEW
2.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.3 SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY
3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN
3.3 RESEARCH SAMPLE
3.4 MEASURING INSTRUMENT
3.5 DATA COLLECTION
3.6 DATA ANALYSIS
3.7 EXPECTED RESULTS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.2 DATA ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER STUDY
5.1 SUMMARY
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Education in
Nigeria today, has assumed a very important position in the country’s
development programme. This accounts for the introduction of the
universal free primary education (U.P.E.) in 1976 and the establishment
of new primary, secondary and post secondary schools all over the
country.
Education
could be defined in various ways. In a very broad sense, education
includes every agency, which enables an individual to master his
physical and social environment of which he is a member. But for the
purpose of this education will be defined as an organized and formal
instruction, which is given in educational establishments such as
schools, colleges and universities.
Education has
an important role to play in the economy of a nation. The most
important economic function as that of ensuring that the nation’s need
for a labour force is satisfied.
However,
formal education in Nigeria is no longer confirmed to education
establishments only. The mass media have, in recent times, taken a held
and positive step towards enhancing educational development in the
country. An example is that Enugu State Broadcasting (ESBS)
Mass media
communication comprised the institutions and techniques by which
specialized groups employ technological devices, that is the press, TV,
Radio, Film ETC, to disseminate information to large heterogeneous and
widely disperse audience.
This study is
particularly concerned with TV and its contribution to educational
advancement in the country especially Enugu state.
Television Broadcasting was first established in Nigeria (indeed Africa) on October 31st 1956 in Ibadan, by the their government of the western region of Nigeria.
This station
now called Nigeria Television Ibadan (NTA Ibadan) was run as an aim of
the former western Nigeria government Broadcasting corporation initially
under the trading name western Nigeria Radio services limited, in
partnership with oversees rediffusion limited of U.K
Two years
after its inception, the regional Government bought over the shares of
the foreign partners, and became the proprietor. A year after the
establishment of the Ibadan station, the former government of Eastern
Nigeria, in October 1960, set up the second Nigeria Television service
then known as ENTV.
This later
become NTA Enugu shortly after, on 1967 the Northern Region Government
established a television station as an aim of the Broadcasting company
of Northern Nigeria (BCNN) located in Kaduna, the station was known as
Radio Kaduna Television (RKTV) and was also owned jointly by the
regional government and a British Television Company. The Federal
Government in 1962, established its own station, the Nigeria Television
service (NTS) under a management agreement with an American Network.
This services was confirmed to the federal capital, and soon came under
the Nigeria Broadcasting corporation, (NBC) when the management contract
with the Americans was determined.
The advert of
television brought with it a new dimension to broadcasting in Africa
within the first decade of its arrival twenty –two African countries
established their own television stations.
The creation
of states in Nigeria meant that the new state administrators could
set- up television net works in their states. The old government of
the Mid-Western states in 1973 went ahead by establishing the Mid-West
Television (MTV) now NTA Benin, but emerged, transmitting in colour.
It therefore becomes the first station in the country to broadcast in
colour.
In 1975, the
federal military government announced its intention to take over
television station in Nigeria. It then set up a machinery within the
federal ministry of information t give effect to its plan. At this
time, ten stations, Ibadan, Enugu, Kaduna, Lagos, Benin, Jos, Port
–Harcourt, Kano, Sokoto and Owerri (Aba), in order had been set-up the
Nigeria Television Authority was finally inaugurated in May, 1977
although Decree 24 of 1977 which establish it was promulgated in
March 1977 but effect from April 1976. by that Decree the Nigeria
Television Authority become the only body empowered to undertake
televisions broadcasting in the country, indeed the federal government
has begun to fund all the station from the first April, 1976, when
networking of news also commenced of Nigeria Television, Via Domestic
Satellite (Domsat). By December 1979, there was scheduled broadcasts
from every state capitalization of broadcasting station and the creation
of new states many new television education services has come to stay
in Nigeria.
The
programming of Television Educational progrmmes came shortly after the
establishment of Television industry, The cardinal point of the NTA’S
programming is its public service nature.
The enabling
low stipulates that NTA be independent and impartial: Its programming
and coverage polices should therefore be available oriented, but guided
by the nation’s social, political , moral cultural, scientific,
educational and economic goals.
The purpose of
programme objections in dual, firstly, it facilitates, the monitoring
of programmes on the basis of a recognized fame of reference and
secondly, it serves to focus the producers mind on the purpose of the
programme he is making.
The following decision on classification on programmes should not in any
way be seen to be mutually, ecclesial application. Rather, they are
meant to serve as guided posts to success and effective programming.
- Children’s programme
- Youth programme
- Family matters programmes
- News and current affairs programmes
- Sports programmes
- Drama Programms
- Light entertainment Programmes
- The arts Programmes.
According to Uchenna Odoh of NTA Channel and presentation Unit, at the
time of this research, the NTA broadcast the following educational
programme.
On
Mondays, quiz time by 5.00pm, Wednesday, Do-it –yourself by 4.3pm,
Thursdays, set /Network by 6.30pm, Fridays, speak out by 6.30pm.
According to him, instructional television, which was usually, shown on
Monday’s by 6.30 pm is presently problems and will come back to air
immediately the problem is rectified.
According to him. NTA formal educational objectives are as follows:
a. To complement and supplement classroom education.
b. To broaden an deepen knowledge
c. To bring to light bread through in knowledge
d. To encourage intellectual development
e. To encourage and teach lavational skills
f. To provide tutorials on curricular subjects
This study on Television as an instrument of educational advancement
focuses on effectiveness of Television educational programmes on
educational advancement of children in Enugu-state.
1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
In
this study, it is not easy to get accurate responses from audiences due
to the massive poverty prevalent in the area. Many are unable to
afford the sets.
Questionnaire data through television get only to the minority due to non-availability of electricity.
Inadequate responses from the respondents delay the research questionnaire.
Television has the particular problem of technical expertise, in terms
of NTA channel 8 Enugu, the programmes are not shown all the time due to
technical problem.
Televisions set and has time to watched the NTA Channel 8 progrmmes.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
a) The purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of Television educational programmes on children.
b) How these educational progrmmes can be improved to suit the target audience
c) This is to find out if
visual aids used in educational progrmmes on TV are sufficient to
enhance understanding of educational programmes.
d) This study equally strive
to find out if educational programmes on Television are more effective
in educating schools children than academic activities in schools.
e) Moreover, the study was aimed at finding out if the timing of educational programmes are suitable for the audience.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This
study was important bearing in mind that today’s children live in an
audiovisual world and world of technological television.
Since NTA channel 8 Enugu has shown considerable interest in
broadcasting educational programmes aimed at children and adult a like,
it is important to examine the effect of these progrmmes on children in
Enugu,
This study shows the extent which the children could benefit from these progrmmes.
The results of this study will add to the total body of knowledge and to
the development of television educational programme from which the
society as a whole is bound to benefit.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1) Does the educational programmes on television stimulate interest of school children in Education?
2) Does the timing of educational programmes on NTA channel 8 Enugu suitable to children in Enugu State?
3) Does
the visual aids used in educational programmes on TV sufficient to
enhance understanding of educational
programme.
4) Are educational programmes on Television more effective in educating school children than academic activities in school?
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
Hi Educational programme on the television stimulate interest of school children in education.
Hoi Educational programme on the television does not stulate interest of children in Education
H2: The timing of educational progrmmes on NTA Channel 8 Enugu is suitable to children in Enugu State.
Ho: The timing of educational programmes on NTA channel 8 Enugu is not suitable to children in Enugu- State.
H3: Visual aids used in educational programmes on TV are sufficient to enhance understanding of educational programmes
Ho: Visual aid used in educational programmes on TV are not sufficient to enhance understanding of educational progrmmes.
H4: Educational programmes are more effective in educating school children than academic activities in school,
Ho: Educational programmes are not more effective in educating school children than academic activities in school
1.7 ASSUMPTIONS
In carrying out the study, the following assumptions were made;
1) That the people (children) who constituted the sample watched televisions.
2) That television educational programme was effective in educational advancement of children.
3) That the previous study has
been carried out on this topic thus there is much research work
gathered in literature review.