Abstract
The family is the oldest institution on earth, and
plays a vital role in human society. Throughout history, the family institution
has always exited. HIV/AIDs is a social problem affecting everyone in the
society. It affects mainly the young people in the society, who make up a large
percentage of the sexually active group. In traditional African societies,
young unmarried people are expected to abstain from sex, until marriage.
This
research project is thus a search for role of the family in
prevention of Hiv/Aids among youths in the society.
Chapter
one of the study lays a theoretical framework for subsequent chapters.
Following the general introduction, the problem statement and the
objective of the study which provided basis for the significance of the study
and the hypothesis were stated. The limitation of this study was also
highlighted.
In
the literature review as contained in chapter two, works of various authors,
international and local journals were reviewed to elicit views on the roles and
relevance of the account in business and economic development.
Chapter
three, research methodology, description of population and sampling procedure
for data collection were discussed. Methods of questionnaire design,
determination of sampling size and questionnaire distribution were also
highlighted.
Chapter
four was based on analysis of data collected. This chapter was sub-divided into
data analysis, hypothesis testing and summary. Percentage table, figure and
narration were carefully employed for proper understanding and testing of
hypothesis.
Finally,
chapter five was divided into summary of findings, recommendation and
conclusion.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Title Page - - - - - - - - - i
Approval Page - - - - - - - - ii
Declaration - - - - - - - - iii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - v
Abstract - - - - - - - - - vi
Table of Contents - - - - - - - vii
CHAPTER
ONE – INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study - - - - -
1.2 Statement of General Problem - - - -
1.3 Objective of the Study - - - - - -
1.4 Research Questions - - - - - -
1.5 Hypothesis
- - -
- - -
- - -
1.6 Significance of the Study - - - - -
1.7 Scope of the Study - - - - - -
1.8 Definition of Terms - - - - - -
CHAPTER
TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 The hunters theory- - - - - - - -
2.1.2 Contaminated vaccine theory- - - - - -
2.1.3 Blood product theory- - - - - - -
2.2 Mode of transmission- - - - - - - -
2.3 Prevention- - - - - - - - - -
CHAPTER
THREE – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction - - - - - - - -
3.2 Research Design - - - - - - -
3.3 Area of the Study - - - - - - -
3.4 Population of Study - - - - - - -
3.5 Sample size and Sampling Techniques - - - -
3.6 Instrument for Data Collection - - - - -
3.7 Validity of the Instrument - - - - - -
3.8 Reliability of the Instrument - - - - -
3.9 Method of Data Collection - - - - - -
3.10 Method of Data Analysis - - - - - -
CHAPTER
FOUR – DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.0 Introduction - - - - - - - -
4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis - - - - -
4.2 Characteristics of the Respondents - - - -
4.3 Data
Analysis - - - - - - - -
4.4 Testing Hypothesis - - - - - - -
4.5 Summary
of Findings - - - - - - -
4.6 Discussion of Findings - - - - - -
CHAPTER
FIVE – SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0 Introduction - - - - - - - -
5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - -
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - -
5.3 Recommendations - - - - - - -
References
- - - - - - - - -
Appendix - - - - - - - - -
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
The family is the oldest institution on earth, and
plays a vital role in human society. Throughout history, the family institution
has always exited.
According to the international
Encyclopedia of the social sciences, of all the agent of socialization, the
family has been described the most immediate and most important. It is
recognized that most of the world’s societies are characterized by one or two types
of the family organization both of which revolve around a relatively permanent
mother and Father relationship.
In the nuclear family
characteristic of the most Western societies, the family unit is made up of
mother, father and immediate children. Extended family which account for a
greater proportion of the world’s population are composed of parents, immediate
children, grandparents and on occasion other relatives. In the arrangement,
grandparents are looked after by their children. The secret of family happiness (1996).
A number of important social
changes have taken place in the family unit in recent decades. Many of them
linked with wider implications for the understanding of the contemporary
Nigeria family and its role in child rearing.
“in oriental societies, strong
extended family ties were traditional. However, under the influence of western
style individualism and the stress of economic problems, the traditional
extended family is weakening. Many in Germany seem to be abandoning the
traditional family altogether. The 1990’s saw 35% of all Germany household made
up of two individuals. The French too are marrying less often and those who do
marry, divorce more often earlier than those used to be the case. Growing
number prefer to live together without the responsibilities of marriages. No
doubt, divorce is becoming increasingly common. There has been a surge in the number of
single parent families, the secret of family happiness (1996).
With increasing urbanization, the
formerly cohesive community group of which the family was as intrinsic part is
largely disappearing. Nuclear families typically live in large proportion and
transient suburban communities or in equally characterized by a high degree of
isolation one form another.
Ebingha (2003) explained that
during the pre-colonial era. The traditional Nigeria family was made up of some
rather independent or village-like units. With the coming of colonization and
rapid urbanization, most traditional compound dwellers were replaced by small
houses designed for a nuclear family.
One of the results of the increased mobility of family unit is a
significant reduction in security both for parents and for children. Parents
alone must face child rearing problem. Unlike the close unit communities,
contemporary urban and suburban ghetto habours a wide range of values and
lifestyles, these providing either few adult models for the developing child a
providing a contradictory assortment of models.
Despite these changes in the
family institution, the Family is still central to the lives of children. At an
early age, they find themselves completely dependent on the family. The family
provides the growing child with feelings of security, belongingness,
satisfaction of emotional needs, provision of physical and material needs and
promoting psychological growth. The family is also the major transmitter of
cultural information in the early years, a role that is later partly taken over
by schools and peer groups.
The work presents the role of
family in the prevention of HIV/AIDs amongst youths in the Nigeria society
using Oshilimi South Local Government Area as a case study.
1.1
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
HIV/AIDs is a universal problem
in February 2002, they were about 40 million HIV infected persons worldwide.
Most of these cases of HIV/AIDs have been reported in sub-Saharan Africa about
6 million people get infected every year, Nwachukwu (2002).
Research shows that infected
people come from all socio-economic class, all races and all faiths. The main
mode of transmission is through sexual intercourse. Other means such as
transfusion of contaminated blood, sharing of unsterilized sharp objects and
mother to child transmission are also responsible for the spread of the
disease.
The problem of HIV/AIDs and the
resultant consequences are enormous and the family which is the first of
socialization of the individual has a lot of role to play in curbing the spread
of the disease.
1.2
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The broad objective of the study
is to access the influence of the socio-economic background of the family
(parents especially) on prevention of HIV/AIDs amongst youths.
The specific objectives are:
1. To
determine if the educational status of parents has a correlation with the
practice of behavior that could lead to HIV/AIDs amongst the youth (their
children).
2. To
determine if the economic status of parents has an influence on behavior of
youths, that could lead to HIV/AIDs.
3. To
determine the influence of communication between parents and children and how
this helps to reduce behaviors that could lead to HIV/AIDs.
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. Does educational status of parents have a
correlation with the practice of behavior that could lead to HIV/AIDs amongst
the youth (their children)?
2. To
what extent has economic status of parents influenced the behavior of youths?
3. How
does the influence of communication between parents and children help to reduce
behaviors that could lead to HIV/AIDs?
1.3
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
1. The
higher the educational level of parents, the lower the rate of behavior that
could lead to the spread of HIV/AIDs amongst the youths, and the lower the
educational level of parents, the more youths will engage in behaviours that
promote the spread of HIV/AIDs.
2. The
higher the economic status of parents the lower the rate of behaviours
promoting the spread of HIV/AIDs amongst youths and the lower of economic
status of parents the higher the engaging of behavior that promote HIV/AIDs.
3. The
smaller the communication gap between parents and children, the less risky behavior
engaged in by the youth and the wider the communication gap between parents and children the higher the tendency
to engage in behaviours that promote the spread of HIV/AIDs.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study derives its relevance
from the fact that when completed It will increase the knowledge and
understanding of the influence of the family in preventing HIV/AIDs amongst
youths in Oshimili South Local Government and in Nigeria at large.
Findings could also enable the
relevant authorities to act appropriately in enlightening the public on the
important role of the family in curbing the spread of HIV/AIDs menace.
1.5
scope of the study
The study centered on the role of the family in
prevention of hiv/aids among youths in the society: a case study of oshimili south local
government area of delta state.
LIMITATION
of study
1.
Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the
efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature
or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire
and interview).
2.
Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously
engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down
on the time devoted for the research work.
1.6
DEFINITION OF TERMS
·
HIV:
Human Immune Deficiency virus
·
AIDs:
acquired Immune deficiency syndrome
·
Youth:
a young person above childhood and early adulthood (between 15 and 26 years,
for the purpose of this study).
·
Risky
behavior: Those acts that are
engaged in by individuals that could encourage the contacting and spread of
HIV/AIDs – acts such as unprotected sex, sharing of sharp objects, transfusion
of unscreened blood etc.
·
Communication:
Free interaction between parents and children (on sex and sex related issues).