CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND
Temperature has been
discovered to be the second most measured physical quantity, time been the
First. This shows the need to measure temperature is very necessary, the
measurement thus has to be efficient and convenient.
Years back, crude
methods were used in measurement of temperature of objects, colours and hotness
of materials were used in temperature measurement for example colour red i.e.,
redness of material means it is hot. But this was not enough to measure the
degree of hotness especially when you need to heat a particular material to a
certain temperature. The need to assign values to temperature measurement led
to the invention of the conventional mercury thermometer, though this method
was widely accepted then, it was indirect and measurement was prone to errors.
The need for accuracy
and precision in measurement led to the digital thermometer, which is more
accurate and helps eliminate parallax error during measurement. In this
information era where the wired and wireless technology applications is widely
used by lots of industries and hobbyists, group of experts make a research on
how to implement
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the use of these
technologies in monitoring the temperature in a more precise and reliable way.
Telemetry can be
described as a highly automated communications process that involves the
collection of measurements and other data at remote or inaccessible points
prior to transmission to receiving equipment for monitoring and control
purposes. The word telemetry is usually associated with wireless methods.
Temperature telemetry
is therefore the measurement of temperature of substances, things, physically
inaccessible locations, and transferring the measured temperature value to a
desired or more accessible location.
1.2
OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT WORK
As we know, radio
frequencies refer to the frequencies that fall within the electromagnetic
spectrum associated with radio wave propagation. When applied to an antenna, RF
current creates electromagnetic fields that propagate the applied signal through
space. Any RF field has a wavelength that is inversely proportional to the
frequency and this means that the frequency of an RF signal is inversely
proportional to the wavelength of the field.
It goes the same with
this project that used the application of radio frequencies by using RF
transmitter and RF receiver to monitor the temperature of object under test.
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The temperature of the object under test is sensed
by an analogue temperature sensor IC (LM35DZ) and temperature is converted into
equivalent voltage (which is about
0.01V/˚C) by the IC and it is in turn se
microprocessor which processes the signal data and sends it to the remote end
through the
RF transmitter. At the remote end, the RF receiver
collects the data and converts it into equivalent voltage and sends it to the
programmed ATMEGA328 at the receiver side which does the analogue to digital
conversion (ADC conversion), and the digital signal is sent to the Liquid
Crystal Display (LCD) for measurement display.
1.3
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The project aims
at addressing the following problems
I.
Measurement
of bodies that are in motion is hectic.
II.
Measuring in extreme
environments is problematic
e.g., environment with
poisonous gases.
III. Remote non-assessable areas measurement
isn’t. easy
1.4
PROJECT AIM
The aim of the project is to design and construct a
device which will measure temperature of an object, and transmit the data
wirelessly over a distance to a place where the data is needed to be viewed on
a Liquid Crystal Display.
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1.5
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are
listed below
I.
To
sense/measure the temperature of an object.
II. To convert the
temperature to an equivalent electrical signal. III. To transmit the signal
wirelessly to a receiver.
IV. To receive the signal wirelessly from the
transmitter.
V.
To
convert the signal back to corresponding temperature values.
VI. To view the value on LCD.
1.6
METHODOLOGY
In order to achieve the objectives of
the project work, the following steps will taken
I.
Design
of a suitable and practical circuit diagram, block diagram.
II.
Learning
how to program an embedded system using C language.
III.
Develop
the codes for the project work.
IV. Components and parts
identification/specification/procurements.
V.
Design
and analysis of stages on breadboard.
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VI.
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Development
of Vero board layout diagram of circuit.
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VII.
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Assembling and construction.
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VIII.
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Test, analyse and diagnose
fault in the circuit.
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IX. Packaging of project.
X.
Preparation
and presentation of technical report.
1.7
THESIS OUTLINE
This project is
comprised of five chapters and the outline for each chapter is listed below:
Chapter One: The introduction; it includes: The
background and overview of the project work, project aim, project objectives,
methodology and thesis outline of the project.
Chapter Two: Literature Review; it includes:
Historical background and description of the components used.
Chapter Three: Design and Calculations; this chapter
discusses the system design methodology, description of the project, circuit
design and circuit analysis of the project.
Chapter Four: this chapter deals with construction
process of the project. Both the hardware construction and software design
implementation are treated here.
Chapter Five:
this contains the conclusion and recommendation of the project.