THE IMPACT OF WOMEN’S EDUCATION ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
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THE IMPACT OF WOMEN’S EDUCATION ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
THE IMPACT OF WOMEN’S EDUCATION ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
All
over the world, education is recognized as the cornerstone for sustainable
national development (Oyitso & Olomukoro, 2012). In the last two decades,
debates on the status of women and the need to integrate them into development
process of any nation have ranged on a national and international workshops,
seminars, and for among others (Olayele,2008). Education
helps men and women claim their rights and realize their potential economic,
political and social arenas. It is also the single most powerful way to lift
people out of poverty. Yet, many people especially women are still excluded
from education in Nigeria and Africa a whole. The demand for education in most
countries of the world has spread to people of different sex and age group. The
motivation of this demand and spread was dictated by the philosophy of popular education
and the principle of equal opportunities for all in the educational industry
endorsed by many countries as the instrument for national development, social
justice and egalitarianism.
Before
this landmark, development which came in the wake of the dynamism of society,
women's education has lagged behind because of what Obbo(1980) called the
philosophy of training women towards the traditional roles as wives and
mothers. Besides, the emphasis laid on the effective performance of those
roles, they could learn simple craft like basket and cloth weaving, dress
making, pottery and some religious values. Women's education was viewed as the
exclusive right of the male folk.
Lack of education constitute a major hindrance on women’s participation in the
productive sector of the economy. In same way, lack of education has also been
a major obstacle to women’s involvement in political activities and
decision-making processes and national development.
The
current wave of globalization has greatly improved the lives of women
worldwide, particularly the lives of women in the developing world.
Nevertheless women remain disadvantaged in many areas of life, including
education, employment, health, and civil rights. The participation of women in
the society especially in the socioeconomic and political development of their
respective countries and home has become a very crucial and topical issue all
over the world. In the past, until the mid-1960s, women in all part of the
world particularly in Africa were victims of different kinds of traditions
which prevented them from actively and effectively participating in development
oriented activities in their countries. They are only marginalized; their
involvement in development oriented activities was not considered important. However
the development processes of the society accompanied by socio-economic changes
brought about the changing roles of women in addition to their traditional
roles as wives and mothers.
The
global economic situation has become so complex that men alone can no longer
effectively handle the affairs of the home. This had led to women shouldering
much of the family financial burden. And, thus have changed the domestic task
of women since she has to be involved in other economic activities outside the home.
All these have been made possible through education.
There
are several reasons why women's education should be emphasized as specific
undertaking. For proper development of a nation, women who constitute more than
fifty per cent (50%) of the country's population should be involved; they need
education on equal basis with men. Full integration of women in all aspect of
political, economic and social life; at the international, national and
regional level is essential if the obstacles to the achievement of the goals
and objectives for women to be overcome (Okojie, 2011).
In
Nigeria today, the women folk have come a long way in business, politics,
education, sport and other profession. They have made an indelible mark in
their effort to conquer the limitations of the past which have sought to place
them permanently in the kitchen and bedroom. However, it is not all through a
bed of roses for women. Majority of women in Nigeria have not been fully
mobilized and empowered to contribute to national development. They have been
dehumanized and traumatized in so many ways, as out of over 1-3 billion people
who live in abject poverty around the globe, about seventy percent (70%) are
women (Onwubiko, 2012). For those women, poverty does not just mean scarcity
and want, it implies rights denied, opportunities curtailed and voices
silenced.
Access
to women educational development programmes in the words of Kagiticibais,
Goksen and Gulgoz(2005) is considered one of the main factor for women
empowerment and national development as against being stalled by culture which
made them vulnerable to effectively join the workforce and contribute to economic and thus, national development of
the nation.
Statement of the Problem
The relegation of women to the background
through cultural norms and practices has had negative impact in the life of each
and every woman especially in rural areas or communities. As a result, they
have the right to be creative and take decisions which will help in
transforming their lives as individuals and development of the nation at large.
Thus, the ability of women to bring up their
children to become decent women and good citizens depends largely on their
level of education. Except women understand the world around them through
practical experiences and knowledge of different aspect of life, they cannot
educate their children properly.
Many
argued that, because women had been relegated to the background educationally, socially,
economically and culturally for many years; they are not in the position to
make meaningful contribution to national development. Another school of thought
disagree with this idea. They maintain that in recent time, women participate
in all areas of educational development. Hence the great need for this
research.
Purpose of the Study
The
purpose of the study is to find out, in spite of the earlier marginalization of
women, the contribution of women can make positive impact in the development of
a nation through education. In this regard, the researcher seeks to attain the
specific objectives:
1. Find
out the traditional practices which hinder women from pursuing formal
2. Find out the contribution of educated women
and uneducated women counterparts to national development.
3. Find out if the educated women are more
involved in the decision- making process in community related issues than their
uneducated counterparts.
4. Find out the social mobility levels of the
children of the educated women and that of the uneducated women.
5. Find out if education is still potent factor in
the social mobility of women.
6. Find out if the educated women enjoy higher
status than the uneducated women during related community functions like
festivals.
7. To find out the attitude of the educated women
towards female education compared to the attitude of the uneducated women.
8. To make recommendations based on the findings
of this research and aim at providing solutions.
Research Questions
Based on the objectives specified above, the
researcher raised the following questions.
1. Are there traditional practices that hinder
women from pursuing formal education?
2. Does the educated woman contribute more to
national development than that of the uneducated woman?
3. Are the educated women more involved in the
decision-making process in community related issues than the uneducated women?
4. Do the educated women enjoy higher social
status than the uneducated women?
5. Is there difference between the attitudes of
women to female education to that of their female counterparts?
Hypotheses
On
the basis of these research questions, the following four hypotheses were
formulated for this study.
1. There is no significant relationship between
the traditional practices and the desire for education by women.
2. There is no significant relationship between
the economic activities of the educated women and national development.
3. There is no significant difference between the
level of contribution of the educated women to national development and that of
the uneducated women.
4. There is no
significant difference between the economic opportunities open to educated
women and that of the uneducated women in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo.
5. There is no significance difference between
the attitudes of women to female education to that of their female
counterparts.
Significance of the Study
The
provision for equal educational opportunity for all irrespective of sex, age
and status of life, deserves to be embraced by all. This is so, when it is
understood that education is intricately connected with the recipients'
well being, national development and prosperity. Therefore, any practice or
policy which constitute barriers in the way of the education of women as equal
partners in the development of the nation should not be abhorred, but, quickly
dismantled because available skill, talent and energy is required in the
desired technological and industrial development of this country whose
dwindling fortunes and standard of living are unbearable low and worrisome.
Women's
education would help to play their strategic roles as wives and mothers better,
because education equips and enlightens people to play their roles more
effectively to uphold societal values and assist them in their education at
home.
Besides,
the result emanating from the study will enable the government and policy
makers to take appropriate steps or measures to ensure that women are
effectively educated and involved in decision-making, matters or position for
the development of the nation.
Additionally,
since the study is based on a rural setting and going by the acknowledged
belief that rural people go through a lot of deprivations, it is hoped that if
the women in Oredo Local Government Area are enlightened, they would be better
equipped to be contributors to the development of Oredo.
In
summary, by the study, the role of educated women in national development would
be high lightened and the recommendation arrived at would assist women to
participate in educational programmes for the upliftment of womanhood.
Scope and Delimitation of Study
The
study is limited to two hundred (200) people that are drawn from Oredo Local
Government Area of Edo State. It only investigated the activities of the
educated and illiterate women in the area of contribution to national
development through their roles in community related programmes and their
social status.
Definition of Terms
For
the purpose of this study, the following terms are defined:-
Disparity:
This means inequality or difference or lack of
equality and similarity, especially in a way that is not fair
Education: According to Mon Nwandiani (1997), Education
is the constant transmission of ideas of values for the development of the
whole man in relation to the dynamics needs of any particular society.
National development:
This refers to the ability of a nation to
improve the lives of its citizens
Economic opportunities:
This is all the material advantages which
improve the quality of life of the recipients. This may include not only
economic advantages of wealth and income, but also benefits such as health and
job security.
Political influence:
The ability of one group to dominate others or
to have greater influence over decision-making or to benefit advantageously
from decisions.
Social status:
Prestige or high standing position in the eyes
of other members of the society.
Empowerment:
It is the process of increasing the capacity
of individuals or groups to make choices and to transform those choices into
desired actions and outcomes.
Social mobility:
The movement from a particular position to a
higher position because of educational attainment.
THE IMPACT OF WOMEN’S EDUCATION ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
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All over the world, education is recognized as the cornerstone for sustainable national development (Oyitso & Olomukoro, 2012). In the last two decades, debates on the status of women and the need to integrate them into development process of any nation have ranged on a national and international workshops, seminars, and for among others (Olayele,2008). Education helps men and women claim their rights and realize their potential economic, political and social arenas. It is also the single most powerful way to lift people out of poverty. Yet, many people especially women are still excluded from education in Nigeria and Africa a whole. The demand for education in most countries of the world has spread to people of different sex and age group. The motivation of this demand and spread was dictated by the philosophy of popular education and the principle of equal opportunities for all in the educational industry endorsed by many countries as the instrument for national development, social justice and egalitarianism. .. education project topics
THE IMPACT OF WOMEN’S EDUCATION ON NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE