EFFECTIVENESS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AS A TEACHING METHOD FOR SCIENCE SUBJECTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA (A case study of selected Secondary Schools in Egor LGA, Edo State)
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EFFECTIVENESS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AS A TEACHING METHOD FOR SCIENCE SUBJECTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA (A case study of selected Secondary Schools in Egor LGA, Edo State)
EFFECTIVENESS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AS A TEACHING METHOD FOR SCIENCE SUBJECTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA (A case study of selected Secondary Schools in Egor LGA, Edo State) CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The foundational history of the use of
photography could be traced to 1950’s when the photo type block for
copying line subjects, engraving manuscripts and photographic
reproduction into books was invented. Ogedengbe (2002) reports that
colour photo prints can be a source of help to students in Secondary
Schools to develop the ability to compose effectively and increase the
performance level in their studies. Rheinhold Thiele’s (2000) supports
the adoption of photograph unto teaching and learning. She was a press
photographer who made photo prints of six hundred and eleven (611)
subjects of the Natal Campaign for the Navy and the Army. She also
covered the Russo-Japanese war and the Boer war. And many of the
documented photographs that were left over were later adopted for
educational purpose with more research works into the uses of
photography especially for teaching and learning purposes. Learners’
academic performances have been increased through the use of
photography. Bower and Spaulding (2000) in a research study on simple
reading materials concluded that a sequence of picture can be
effectively used for communicating new idea and to increase learners’
performance if the pictures are used together with verbal face to face
explanation.
Fonsesca and Karle (1960) explained that
recognizable and familiar objects presented in a sequence of photo
prints enhance comprehension and better performance. Travers (2003)
shows that photographic prints can be used to improve the performance of
a lawn tennis player. According to Hudson and Hector (1963) photography
and pictorial illustration accompanied with verbal explanation have
increased the level of performance of cocoa farmer in Ghana. Sofowora
(1994) contributes that the comprehension of a process involving series
of actions is possible if photographs are used.
Chaplain (1960) working on a science
education research project contributes that instruction when given
largely with numerous sequence of photo prints helps to convey adequate
scientific information and instruction. Photographic study thus offers
an excellent opportunity for learning the challenge of accurate
description.
Arundale (2005) reports from his study
that learners were able to retain a great part of the lesson content
when oral teaching are linked with a sequence of photographs. It also
shows that the students in the experimental group performed better and
were able to recall the various experiences they acquired in their
projects than those in the control group. Spaulding (1955) was of the
opinion that colour photo prints are real life situation that help the
retention of what has been learnt. Adeosun (1986) explained that
students that were exposed to pictures were able to retain and recall a
greater part of the lesson content than those that were taught without
the use of picture.
Franden (1961) showed that a sequence of
pictures and pictorial illustration make learning real, more meaningful
and reinforces the learning materials for easy assimilation and
retention. John and Litcher (2000) in their experiment concluded that
four months after exposing the students to multi-racial pictures the
attitude of the students changed towards other races.
Working with photographs also adds
another layer of complexity to the lessons, because every photograph was
created at one point in time, in a particular place, of a chosen
subject, by a particular photographer, for a specific purpose, and using
a particular technology. All these elements has made learning an
unforgettable experience when adopting the photography teaching method.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Several secondary schools in Nigeria are
facing serious problems in the area of teaching and learning. Among the
problems are poor methods of teaching, lack of relevant instructional
materials; negative attitude of the parents and the students towards the
subject and shortage of qualified teachers. Several other studies
conducted outside Nigeria revealed that the use of photography teaching
method will enhance teaching and learning. The researcher is of the
believe that photography teaching method can be used as a panacea to the
problem of poor performance in secondary school.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The following are the objectives of this study:
- To examine the effectiveness of photography as a teaching method in Secondary schools in Nigeria.
- To determine the relationship between photography teaching method
and student’s academic performance in secondary schools in Nigeria.
- To determine the relationship between photography teaching method and student’s retention level in secondary schools in Nigeria.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- What is the effectiveness of photography as a teaching method in Secondary schools in Nigeria?
- What is the relationship between photography teaching method and student’s academic performance in secondary schools in Nigeria?
- What is the relationship between photography teaching method and student’s retention level in secondary schools in Nigeria?
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
HO: There is no significant
relationship between photography teaching method and student performance
in secondary schools in Nigeria.
HA: There is significant relationship between photography teaching method and student performance in secondary schools in Nigeria.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The following are the significance of this study:
- The results from this study will enlighten the administrators in the
education sector and the general public on the benefits of photography
teaching method and its impact on performance and effectiveness.
- This research will be a contribution to the body of literature in
the area of the effect of personality trait on student’s academic
performance, thereby constituting the empirical literature for future
research in the subject area.
1.7 SCOPE/LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study is limited to secondary
schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. It will also cover
the effectiveness of photography as a teaching method as reflected in
the academic performance of secondary school students.
LIMITATION OF STUDY
Financial constraint-
Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in
sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in
the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
Time constraint- The
researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic
work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the
research work
EFFECTIVENESS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AS A TEACHING METHOD FOR SCIENCE SUBJECTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA (A case study of selected Secondary Schools in Egor LGA, Edo State)
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The following are the significance of this study:
The results from this study will enlighten the administrators in the education sector and the general public on the benefits of photography teaching method and its impact on performance and effectiveness.
This research will be a contribution to the body of literature in the area of the effect of personality trait on student’s academic performance, thereby constituting the empirical literature for future research in the subject area... education project topics
EFFECTIVENESS OF PHOTOGRAPHY AS A TEACHING METHOD FOR SCIENCE SUBJECTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA (A case study of selected Secondary Schools in Egor LGA, Edo State)