CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Over the years, Nigeria politics has
been a problem to the growth and development of other sectors of the
economy, including the educational system of Nigeria. Although the
education in Nigeria has been clouded with several challenges like
strikes, examination malpractice, poor funding, cultism, dilapidated
structures, inadequate teaching/learning facilities, etc. due to these
challenges, there is need to call on the stakeholders in the education
sector and let them know how their actions and inactions have
contributed towards affecting the education system of the country. These
problems have been very obvious in the foundational levels of
education, the primary and secondary education.
Sustainable development is achieved when
a country invest more in acquiring knowledge rather than investing just
in physical resources (World Bank, 1999: 26). A developing country like
Nigeria can achieve sustainable development if these three points are
taken into consideration:
- Seek and use global knowledge to form its local knowledge.
- Invest in human resources for proper usage of knowledge; and
- Invest in technology for absorption of knowledge.
Education in Nigeria has always been one
of the sectors past administrations seem to have interest in, yet it is
still faced with challenges. Nigeria just like other developing
countries is lacking behind when it comes to their education system
being on the same pane with the current trend of the 21st
century. The National Policy on Education was established in 1977,
revised in 1981 and 1990. The reason for which it was revised was to
ensure that the education sector assists in the actualization of
government development goals. These education policies are long term
meant to meet the principles of new democracy.
Universal Primary Education has always
and is still one of the priorities of the Nigerian government right from
the seventies, but its major challenge is the fund to achieve it.
Universal Primary Education can be fully implemented through the
presence of adequate resources, active participation by the different
levels of government and students’ participation. Universal Primary
Education was re-launched in 1999 by the then government as a core task
to achieve, alongside an international agreement on providing education
for all through the “World Declaration on Education for All” campaign
that took place at Jomtien (Thailand) World Conference in 1990.
Education in Nigeria is characterized by
examination malpractice, poor facilities, and indiscriminate mass
promotion syndrome in schools. All these are linked to: lack of interest
of government in education issues, government and private institutions
reaction to university graduates and laziness on the parts of students.
However, when the right measures are not
put in place for teaching and learning it definitely has an adverse
effect on the performance of students. Nigerian universities on a daily
basis keep producing unemployable graduates into the labour market;
graduates who were only taught theories without practice. In addition,
the educational system of Nigeria produces students who cannot
confidently compete with their counterparts from other international
institutions.
This study aims at examining Nigeria
educational system, its main issues and performance and make
recommendations where necessary.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
There are many challenges surrounding Nigeria educational system. There include:
- Insufficient funding
- Lack of teaching and learning facilities
- Examination malpractice
- Strikes by teachers and riots by students
- Dilapidated structures
All these problems affect the efficiency
of the educational system of Nigeria, including the performance of
students academically.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The major objective of this study is Nigeria educational system: main issues and performance.
Other specific objectives include:
a) To examine the relationship between students’ performance and government funding of education.
b) To examine the impact of modern day teaching aid on Nigerian education.
c) To examine the relationship between Nigeria educational system and national development.
d) To identify ways of improving the Nigeria educational system.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions are generated to guide this study:
a) Is there a relationship between students’ performance and government funding of education?
b) What is the impact of modern day teaching aid on Nigerian education?
c) Is there a relationship between Nigeria educational system and national development?
d) What are the ways of improving the Nigeria educational system?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H0: There is no relationship between students’ performance and government funding of education.
H1: There is a relationship between students’ performance and government funding of education.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is meant to inform private
individuals and the government on the need to revive Nigeria educational
system. Funding of education in Nigeria should not just be left to the
government alone, private individuals should give their own quota to
improve education in Nigeria.
This study will be of immense benefit to
other researchers who intend to know more on this topic and can also be
used by non-researchers to build more on their work. This study
contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for other work or
study.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY/LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study is restricted to Nigeria Educational System: Main Issues and Performance.
Limitations of study
- 1. Financial constraint-
Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in
sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in
the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
- 2. Time constraint- The
researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic
work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the
research work.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM:
Generally refers to public schooling, not private schooling, and more
commonly to kindergarten through high school programs. Schools or school
districts are typically the smallest recognized form of “education system” and countries are the largest.
ISSUE: The highest-priority problems that are affecting a business, or the problems which are creating the largest negative impact.
PERFORMANCE: This is the action or process of performing a task or function.
REFERENCES
World Bank study quoted in the 1999 World Data on Education produced by the International Bureau of
Education.