CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Scheduling is a representation of the time necessary carry out a task
and should take account of the technical requirement of the task,
marketing forecast and available capacity.
Scheduling is a programme of work to be done or a planned event in a faculty production scheduling.
A PRODUCTION SCHEDULER: A product scheduler shows
the technique through which set of production tasks in a factory can be
assigned to machines or personal that will be responsible to a carryout
such as tasks, using principle of assignment. There must be an equal
number of tasks to the machine or personal available to carry out.
A product scheduling shows plan for the Manufacturing or a
production of a particular products. This plan must be perfectly
carried out to minimize the cost of production of the products in the
factory. Thus, task time, number of proceeds and the number of available
resources are input for considering using assignment
technique.
ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUES: This is used
to allocate job to machine in computing. The cost of a production job.
Therefore, the computerization of production scheduler, using assignment
techniques would like to device a minimum cost assignment of a job to a
production.
1.1 Historical Background Of The Case Study
Okin biscuit limited, Offa was incorporated in December 1998 by chief
E.O Adesoye after his visit to Indian and tries of Mr. Kiswadala, Mr.
P.E Keshavan and Mr. Vigay were given the task to monitor the project,
as a result of this the structuring and construction of the factory
started immediately and at the same time the shipment and installation
of the machineries into the factory was between December 1978 and June
1980. Immediately after the completion of the factory structure and the
machine installation Mr. Keshwadala was made the general manager
company while Mr. P.K Jesharan was appointed the maintenance Engineer of
the company, However, the first production of Biscuit started on 2nd of
June 1980 with the coaster brand. This brand was still in market when
another brand called short cake came out in 1984.
SHORT CAKE: This short cake product affected the
sales of the coaster brands at the initial stage due to its sweetness
but later in the years, there was equilibrium in their sales and it has
made it possible to found in biscuit within outside Nigeria.
However, the company initially started with the following department
are: Production Engineering, Accounts and administrative department, but
with expansion of its production capacity, the marketing and security
Department, was introduced to facilitate the prompt sales and marketing
of their products and security of the products by monitoring the works
for not stealing biscuit. The company in 1996 introduced another fine
products called CABIN, while is still in market but nevertheless, the
company has produced some biscuits, which has been out of production
such as GEM biscuits.
1.2 Organizational Structure of the Case Study
Okin biscuit limited is structured and organized into various
departments namely: production, accounts, engineering, marketing,
security and administrative department in which each department is
headed by a manager and each section is headed by sectional leader.
However, the General Manager overseas all activities in the company
in which some responsibilities are assigned to the various head of
department.
ORGANIZATION CHART
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
The production manager heads production department. This department
into five section viz: mixing, cutting oven, packing and store
section.
These section are headed by three supervisors who are rotated on the three working shift.
• MIXING SECTION: This section is assigned the responsibility of mixing the various ingredients that are required for the baking of the biscuit.
• CUTTING SECTION: This section is where the mixed biscuits ingredients are cut into shape before it will get into the baking oven.
• OVEN SECTION: In this section the cut biscuit
is baked with an aid of canvass belt, which will carry out the cut
biscuit along the oven down to the parking section
• PACKING SECTION: This section is responsible
for packing, selection and supplying biscuits to the machine that will
help in sealing the biscuits into the cattophones and at the same time
the total sealing of the carton is done here.
• STORE SECTION: This section is assigned with responsibility of keeping both the raw materials for the production and finished products.
The assumption made is that each stage has three different machines
which can handle the intended work effectively but the vary
capabilities. This research work centre on how these machines can be
combined together in order to achieve our aim of profit maximizing and
cost minimization. This project work will dare not extorting its
tentative beyond the specified of biscuits production.
1.3 Significance of the Study
This project work is mainly design for a schedule as:
• The representative which should be as flexible as possible to
enable the representation of schedules of different application with
different resources and jobs.
• Support of scheduling tasks initiated either by a user or durative improvement.
• Scheduling tasks an immediately feedback and to fasten the optimization algorithm
• A schedule while should be an object that can be copied efficiently
ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT: The accounting is headed by
chief accountant who is responsible to the General manager for any
financial matter. This department is responsible for taking care of the
financial aspect of the company.It is also pivot to all other
department concerning money or any other financial report of the
organization. They serve as put where customer pay biscuit bought in
the factory. The cashier manager who is responsible for coordinating the
payment of staff salaries supervisors the salary aspect of the company.
The department also works in collaboration with store section in
payment for raw materials brought into the company.
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT: The engineering department
is the department that is responsible for the daily maintenance of the
machineries that are used in the production of the biscuit
Engineering department is divided into two sections namely;
electrical and mechanical engineering department. The chief engineers
are appointed in which one is responsible for monitoring electrical
cases of the machineries and the others.
1.4 Aims and Objectives of the Project
• The purposes of this research work is to decides the variable
that goes into the decision making process in job scheduling of goods
and services.
• The project work is also aimed at looking into problems
associated with job scheduling and a suitable solution using computer
design automation.
• The project works will also investigate analyze current manual
possess of production scheduling at Okin biscuit Nigeria limited and to
introduce computer into this process, using assignment, introduce
computer into the process, using assignment techniques .
• The overall objectives of this project work are to elinate
inappropriate projection scheduling process of the organization under
study and there would be a proper minimization of production period and
thus maximization of profit.
1.5 Statement of the Project
The problem of this study is to evaluate the manual means of
scheduling the job, then develop a means to tackled these difficulties
by using computer system.
1.5.1 Research Question
The research work is embarked with questions as:
• Does this production scheduling described as a problem of satisfying temporal constraints
• Would the new proposal system serve as a guide to several objectives functions
• What will be the relation that mapped on a satisfaction
degree, which evaluates how good this constraints, is satisfied in the
actual schedule?
• Does the scheduling system optimally determine when and on what machine steps are to be possessed or handled?
1.6 Scope of the Project
This project work covered three stages out of four stages involve in
the production of biscuits, the three stages; mixing, cutting and baking
stages.
The assumption made is that each stage has three different machines
which can handle the intended work effectively but with vary
capabilities. This research work centers on how these machines can be
combined together in order to achieve our aim of profit maximizing and
cost minimization this project work will dare not escorting its
tentative beyond the specified of biscuit production.