CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT
Leadership is a very crucial factor in the management process and
means influence on the behaviour of other in order to achieve
organizational purpose or goals. Communication which is the mean
through which task and recourse needed to carry out an assignment. The
roles and duties are transferred by information a massage from one
involves communication, research has shown that 232 technical employees
of a research organization spent 61% of their hour work day in these
activities; speaking and listening – 35%, writing – 16 and reading – 10%
which is not less in our present day environment (Rogers and
Roethlisherger 1952).
Indeed, human resources remains the most important asset of any
organization and should be well informed, trained and motivated so as to
use all other resources resourcefully. When a human being is well
informed, trained and motivated, he is capable of achieving higher
productivity. For the success of any productivity or job, performance
programme depends on human innovative for management to look more
closely into the human factor and examine what it take to maximize human
endeavour towards maximum productivity or job performance improvement
(Soul, 1963).
Obviously, high productivity or job performance depends upon the
effectiveness of the workforce, managers must actively search for better
ways of communicating, taking decisions, creating innovation and
producing leadership to achieve higher productivity. A company can long
compete with its competitors when or if its has its employees on it
side and incentives, wages system, training programmes, improved working
condition and the likes (Bamkole, 2000)
The biggest of the management is not how to handle the machines but
how to handle its workers. This is often the most difficult to deal
with not because they consist of difficult people, but because of the
natural differences in point of view tend to keep management and
workers apart. The result has be a new emphasis on the role of
communication as its relates to employee’s job performance in
management. The relation of communication to management give a balance
the picture of the role which information plays in building good
relationship inside an organization. One aspect of communication is the
device or means which may be utilized to promote the effective exchange
of information necessary to the conduct of business and transportation
system for ideas and information. The increase of the volume of
information necessary for high job performance that may be transmitted
makes it desirable for the natural communicationinstrument and
opportunities present in the day to day association of people at work in
order to keep them fully informed (Osiegbu 1998).
Effective communication which involves a translation of ideas or
directions, command or guide into oral or written words or actions on
the part of the communicator in which a manner that will transfer the
ideas from the mind of the communicator to the mind of the receiver,
with the aim that the latter will react in a manner as envisaged by the
former
(Akiyemi, 1981), is required in an organization to increase the
level of understanding among various people and harmonized their effort
at achieving corporate goals. This will maximize the amount of efforts
being invested in the production process and is used to train the
employees inorder to enhance their effectiveness and efficiency.
Strained employee employer relationship result from lack of
understanding and poor communication workers need to be free and
comfortable making innovative suggestions,clarifying any
misunderstanding about them selves and their work or asking question to
help them understand a procedure, an induction or other expectation on
the job.freedom of speech is one of the most important emerging employee
rights in the sense that is at the core of communication endeavours and
many fundamentally alter work place interactions. Essentially, the role
of effective communication in enhancing job performance in
organizations cannot be over estimated (Bernard,1938).
In sum, communication is a key and needed set of information that is
depended upon largely for the survival, continuity progress and
successfulness of any business organization.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
Increasing employee productive effectiveness involves responding to
the needs and wants of employees by allowing them participate or take
part in the planning of their work. Building opportunities for growth
into their jobs, dealing with people worth time, consideration, respect,
significance and recognition, building team work and group priced;
developing work-oriented employees and employer who are interested in
doing their daily work well, setting appropriate work measures and goals
etc. yet workers expression of dissatisfaction conflict with employers
cannot be evicted (Saul, 1963).
Communication, involves a set of information sharing activities which
entails keeping the employees well informed about his or her job and
its environment, the quality of his or her work and stability of the
company. Introducing and maintaining effective employer – employee
communication within the organization involves organizational delivery
system that communicate relevant work rules, responsibilities, policies,
practices and procedures, shared values and promotes a healthy
organizational culture. Thus, employee handbook, training and
orientation sessions and programmes, policy manuals, staff forum, posted
rules, verbal exchange, collective agreement, managerial behaviors etc
are a variety of implicit and explicit media which organizations needs
to re-examine, possibly improve and receive for organizational
effectiveness (Paul and Kenneth, 1997).
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH STUDY
This study is intended to show the role of effective communication in
both determining and enhancing employee productivity or job performance
in an organization. Similarly, it will show the need of management to
be interested in effective organizational delivery systems for
communicating employee’s rights ad responsibilities company work rules,
policies and practices and disciplinary procedures.
Lastly, it will look at and evaluate the extent of employee
responsibilities, communication in work setting and how an organization
transmits information through its media to achieve performance.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH STUDY
The study would enable the organization to correct the notion that
once an employee is engaged or employed, he already has a working
knowledge of the organization to achieve high performance. He would need
to be properly oriented trained and informed about his rights and
responsibilities, disciplinary procedures. This would help his
performance at work. With this study, the relationship gap that exists
between the employees in organization would be covered; safety rules and
standards at work would be properly maintained if specified
effectively.
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH STUDY
This study is limited to the employees (management, senior and junior
staff) of Crusader Insurance (Nigeria) Plc at the head office.
Nevertheless, the company is spread throughout the country [Nigeria] at
locations like Ibadan, Owerri, Benin, Kaduna, Kano, Abuja, and
port-Harcourt [Imoisili 1996].
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.6.1 LEADERSHIP
Is the state or position of being a leader. It is the ability to be a
leader or the qualities a good leader should have. It is the qualities
and abilities of a person with a leader charismas to direct, guide,
manage and organize others. It is a crucial factor in the management
process use to influence the behaviour of others to achieve
organizational purpose or goals [sawyer, 1981].
1.6.2 COMMUNICATION
Is the means through which the task and resources needed to carry out
an assignment, the roles and duties, and the expected results, are made
known to the subordinates. It is the transfer of information-a message
from one person to another [Bernard,1938]. Communication has to do with
the act of imparting ideas and making one-self under stood by others. It
is the act of inducing others to interpret an idea in the manner
intended by the speaker or writer [Akinyemi, 1981]
1.6.3 EFFECTVE COMMUNICATION
Involves a translation of ideas or directions, command or guide, into
oral or written words or actions on the part of the communicator in
such a manner that will transfer the ideas from the mind of the
communicator to the mind of the receiver, with the aim that the
receiver, will react in a manner as envisaged by the communicator
[Akinyemi, 1981]. Effective communication is the transfer of message,
followed by feedback from the receiver to the sender indicating an
understanding of the message [Bernard,1938].
1.6.4 MANAGEMENT
Is the achievement of organizational objectives through leadership.
It involves the process of planning, organizing, motivating and
controlling of organizational resources in order to achieve its goals.
It is the use of the resources available in an organization which
includes its people, machine, raw materials and technology effectively
in order to achieve organizational goal [Paul and Kenneth, 1997].The
management of human resources is crucial to the growth and survival of
any organization [Bankola, 2000].
1.6.5 ORGANIZATION
Is group of people who form a business or club together in order to
achieve a particular aim. It is the coming together of a group of
people with similar aims and objectives in an arranged manner in order
to achieve a set goal (Paul and Kenneth, 1997).
1.6.6 PERSONNEL MANAGMEENT
Is the branch of management that specifically deals with the
management of people at work. It covers the broad spectrium of the life
of an employee at work right from the point of entry to the point of
final exist (Bankole, 2000)
1.6.7 MOTIVATION
This comprises the inner drives that activate or move an individual
to action. It is what spurs an individual towards a desired behaviour.
Increased motivation can serve as a goal for which people will strive
if they see that greater effort brings the increase pay and if they want
the increased pay (Bankole, 2000)