SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ABUJA NIGERIA

SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ABUJA NIGERIA


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SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ABUJA NIGERIA

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CHAPTER ONE

IINTRODUCTION

 

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Education is an important aspect of economic development. When citizens of a country are educated that is a key to social, economic and political stability (Ojiambo, 2009). The Kenya government has considerably invested in education which is evidenced by the free primary education and the free day secondary education (Ojiambo, 2009). The main purpose of education is to transmit wisdom and knowledge from one generation to another, this prepares young people to become members of the society, maintaining it and developing it. Education also has positive influence on population, health nutrition and also increases value and efficiency for labour (Kisingu, 2012). The unemployment problems facing the country can best be addressed through equipping the young people with skills that can lead to self employment, the curriculum should equip the learners with entrepreneural skills, and this indicates the importance of Commerce/ marketing in the school curriculum.

Commerce means all the activities which start from production and end at consumption. The system includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally. It is an exchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale between different countries (foreign commerce) or between different parts of the same country (domestic commerce) trade; business. Also, it's activities that relate to the buying and selling of goods and services. Marketing deals with the management process through which goods and services from producer to the customer.

Nigeria like any other developing country has witnessed series of political instability with obvious effects on educational policies at federal and state government levels. This gradually laid the foundation of fallen standard in education at secondary school level, which caused differences in academic achievement of students. In the quest of survival, the nation evolvement service for socio-economic and educational measures has not improved the socio-economic status of families influencing students’ academic achievement in Nigeria. According to Olotu (1994), in the quest of finding survival, the nation has evolved service of socio-economic and educational measures and policies such as Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP), Austerity Measures, Universal Basic Education (UBE) and devaluation of the Naira. These measures have not improved the socio-economic and educational status of families in the country. They have rather increased their sufferings and widened the socio-economic gap between families.

Over the years, assessments of factors that influence academic achievement in senior secondary physics educatio student have attracted the interest and concern of many researchers, teachers, parents and national leaders. It is a well known fact that student achievement in academic activities vary, some physics students perform better than the other, many discouraged students feel that the length of their student career would be limited by their finances, rather than by their academic ability, this affects them psychologically which affects their academic achievement eventually. In some cases, particularly males, they are easily affected by peer group pressure to whom secondary education may be unimportant.

Effective teaching and learning is affected by some factors, such as admission points, social economic status, family and school background. Geiser and Santelices (2007), Acato (2006), and Swart (1999) all argue that admission points which are a reflection of the previous performance influence future learning ability of students. Considine and Zappala (2002) argue that families where the parents are advantaged socially, educationally and economically foster a high level of achievement in their children. Sociocultural approaches to the process of learning are increasingly being applied by educationalists. Sociocultural theorists argue that individuals cannot be considered in isolation from their social and historical context and therefore it is necessary to look at the society and the developments occurring at a given time. Two principal agencies, the family and the school powerfully shape children’s learning experiences.  The influence of these two agencies is constrained by the wider social and cultural systems into which they are embedded.  There is great diversity in cultural backgrounds, social conditions, family arrangements and school organization.  These two factors have been going through constant modifications. The relationship between family socio-economic status and the learning outcomes of students is well established in sociological research. While there is disagreement over how best to measure social factors, most studies indicate that students from low social status families do not perform as well as they potentially could at school compared to students from socially high background (Graetz, 1995). Most studies, however, compare students from across all social backgrounds to reach the conclusion that low social status adversely affects a range of teaching and learning outcomes.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.

In Nigeria, Education is seen as an instrument for National Development. The National Policy on Education (NPE 1998) stated categorically, that Education is the most important instrument of change in the intellectual and social outlook that Nigerians must have to proceed in their educational revolution. The National Policy on Education also identified as a one of the national educational goals "the inculcation of the right of values and attitudes for the survival of the individual and the society". These are indeed very laudable goals. However, the extent to which they are achievable depends on the relevance and contents of various subjects taught in schools and the socio-cultural needs of Nigeria as well as how effectively those subjects are being taught. This paper opines that basic commerce is a very important subject and could be used for promoting the knowledge of senior secondary school students if effectively taught. The problem of students’ drawback in the commerce especially at a higher level calls for a research into the area, at the grassroots level (primary school level). There is therefore need for a research to investigate the factors that affect teaching and learning of commerce in senior secondary schools in Abuja and to other states of the country. This will identify such factors that affect teaching of commerce in senior secondary schools and lead to recommendation that will improve the situation.

 

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY.

The objective of the study is to research the social factors affecting effective teaching and learning of Commerce/Marketing in senior secondary schools in Abuja.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS.

What is the definition of Commerce?

What are factors affecting effective teaching and learning of Commerce/ marketing in senior secondary school, Abuja?

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.

This study will help in identifying and examining social factors affecting effective teaching and learning of Commerce/ marketing in senior secondary school, Abuja.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY.

The study focus on social factors affecting effective teaching and learning of Commerce/ marketing in senior secondary school, Abuja.

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY.

The study is limited to the teaching and learning of Commerce/ marketing in Senior secondary school, Abuja.

 

 

 

REFERENCES.

Anuda, A. (2000) Koech Education Commission Report. Nairobi 24th January, 2000.The daily Nation, page 13-18

Bagonko, S. (1992). A history of Modern Education in Kenya. (1895-1991). Nairobi. Evan Brothers Ltd.

Bishop. (1985). Curriculum Development. A text book for student, London, Macmillan.

Borg, W. R. & Gall, M. D. (1989). Education Research: An Introduction. 4th Ed. New York: Longman

Ekpenyong (2006). Towards a system approach to the integration of the Nigeria junior secondary school business studies curriculum. Journal of education &training.University of Benin Nigeria

Federal Ministry of education (1981) National Policy on Education, rev. edn. Lagos: Federal Ministry of Information.

Goodland. (1983). A place called school. New York, McGraw-Hill

Hawes, R. (1972). Planning the Primary School Curriculum in Developing Countries.

Paris. International Institute for Educational Planning.

Havelock.R. (1969).Planning for innovation through the dissemination and Utilization of scientific knowledge. Ann.Arbor.MI:CRUSK. Institute for Social Research.

Hellinger & Heck (1995).Leadership for School Improvement. Honolulu USA. College of educational administration.

J. O. Olembo, P.E Wanga, N. M. Karagu (1992), Management in education. Nairobi. Education Research Publication.

Jerome Brunner (1990). The Process of Education.Harvad University Presss.England. Kenya National Examination Council (K.N.E.C, 2007).The year 2006 Kenya Certificate of Secondary School Examination Report. Nairobi. K.N.E.C.

Kisingu Mary Salome (2012). Implementation of the business studies curriculum in public secondary schools, in Machakos central Division of Machakos District, Machakos County. Master of Education Project .Kenyatta University.

Ojiambo Peter Otiato (2009). Quality of Education and its roles in National Development case Study of Kenya’s Education reform. Kenya studies review volume 1, 1,133-149.

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Education is an important aspect of economic development. When citizens of a country are educated that is a key to social, economic and political stability (Ojiambo, 2009). The Kenya government has considerably invested in education which is evidenced by the free primary education and the free day secondary education (Ojiambo, 2009). The main purpose of education is to transmit wisdom and knowledge from one generation to another, this prepares young people to become members of the society, maintaining it and developing it... education project topics

SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ABUJA NIGERIA

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