CHAPTER 1: Introduction
Women in Nigeria have had
various challenges in order to obtain equal education in all forms of formal education in Nigeria.
Education is a basic human right and has
been recognized as such since the 1948 adoption of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. A positive
correlation exists between the enrollment of girls in primary school and the gross
national product and increase of life expectancy. Because of this correlation,
enrollment in schools represents the largest component of the investment in
human capital in any society. Rapid socio-economic development of a nation has
been observed to depend on the caliber of women and their education in that
country. Education bestows on women a disposition for a lifelong acquisition of
knowledge, values, attitudes, competence and skills.
To ensure equal access to education, the
National Policy on Education states that access to education is a right for all
Nigerian children regardless of gender, religion and disability.
1.1
Background
of the Study
Many
people define successful marriages in many different ways. Many think a
marriage is successful if two people are happy together for a period of time
while others may think a marriage is successful if two people stay together
until death. Therefore, in order to find the common factors of a successful
marriage it is important to first define what a successful marriage is. For
this study, I believe the most important idea is that couples find a way to
live together and to not divorce. Therefore, the definition of a successful
marriage for this study will simply be that a marriage is successful if a
couple can find enough qualities in their partner that they would rather stay
together for the rest of their lives than live without that person. I also want
to stop and mention that although most of the following research, if not all,
was conducted on heterosexual couples; I acknowledge that some say “marriage”
can be between two committed individuals regardless of their gender.
Education has long been a key pathway to financial, physical, and
social-psychological well-being (Brand & Xie, 2010; House, 2002; Hout,
1988), and its role in differentiating family patterns has grown (McLanahan,
2004). College graduates are on average more likely to get married and stay
married than others, and they are more likely to have and raise their children
in marriage (Ellwood & Jencks, 2004; Goldstein & Kenney, 2001; Martin,
2006; Raley & Bumpass, 2003). These differences coincide with fewer
resources for families at the lower end of the educational distribution. A
growing body of research has examined declines in marriage among the less
advantaged (e.g., Edin & Kefalas, 2005), but little has looked at variation
within the “stable-marriage” pattern (Cherlin, 2009) characteristic of college
graduates. Increasing college enrollments, particularly among women (Buchmann
& DiPrete, 2006), underscore the importance of better understanding
variation in the effects of college on family life. Educational expansion has
led to greater diversity in the social backgrounds of college students – and to
questions about heterogeneity in the meaning and rewards of schooling. Skeptics
worry that increased accessibility dilutes the gains to college by drawing in
students
Who are less well equipped to succeed (e.g., Steinberg, 2010), but
evidence in sociology and economics has shown rather that men and women at the
margin of college attendance, typically the least socially advantaged, have
experienced the greatest
economic gains from college (Brand & Xie, 2010; Card, 2001;
see Hout, 2009, for a review). We expand this line of inquiry, shifting focus
from how the effects of college vary in the labor market to how they vary in
the marriage market. We examine variation in the effects of college on marriage
among men and women from different social backgrounds. What do we expect as to
variation in the effects of college on marriage, that is, which segments of the
college-going population should have greater or lesser effects? Research on the
divergence of family patterns by education has emphasized the importance of
financial resources for marriage formation, suggesting that those who stand to
gain the most financially from college should likewise be in the best position
to marry. If individuals with disadvantaged social origins stand to gain the
most from college in the labor market, they may in turn gain the most from
College in the marriage market.
1.2
Statement
of the Problem
The concept of successful marriage is
pivotal for the building of the home, society and the nation at large
consisting of the happiness and
wellbeing of the family members comprising of the father and the children etc.
As important as it is to maintain quality teaching and output in our primary
institution, there is the imperative to maintain a successful marriage. Many
teachers are facing more challenges balancing their career with their
responsibility of satisfying their husband and children at home. One important
factor lies with their level of education. Most people know that an alarming 40 to 50
percent of marriages end in divorce (American Psychological Association, 2015).
Research shows that most of these divorces are not because of physical abuse or
addiction, but the two primary reasons people divorce are to either escape a relationship
that has been painful, loveless or destructive or to seek a more satisfying
single life or with another partner (Weiner-Davis, 1992). However, people may
be surprised to discover that their difficulties or unhappiness still exists
with their choice of a single life or new partner. They may think the divorce
solved the problem. Sadly the problem often still exists in their life or with
new partners. If divorce is truly the answer, shouldn’t the problem go away
when the relationship goes away? Shouldn’t the problem disappear when the
partner gets married to someone else? We find the opposite is true, the problem
does not go away, but the divorce rate for second marriages is 60 percent
(Weiner-Davis, 1992). Also, after a divorce a couple may expect arguments to
stop, however when children are involved marital arguments often do not cease
with the divorce (Weiner-Davis, 1992). Therefore, trying to run away from
unhappiness or arguments by getting a divorce is often not the answer. So how
can people learn to live in and enjoy a happy and successful marriage? Marital
roles and career of women go a long way in defining how gender is perceived in
today’s view on roles of the female folks. Therefore the problem confronting
this project is to investigate the relationship
Between marital
success and the level of education among Female primary school teachers in Enugu north local government.
1.3
Objective
of the Study
1 To determine
the nature of successful marriage
2 To determine
the nature of the educational level of female teachers
3 To determine
the relationship between marital success and the level of education of female
primary school teachers in Enugu north local government.
1.4
Research
Questions
1 What is the nature of successful marriage?
2 What is the nature of the educational level
of female’s teachers in Enugu north local government
3 What is the
nature of the relationship between marital success and the level of education
of female teachers in Enugu north local government?
1.5
Significance
of the Study
The study shall
provide a detail appraisal of the nature of successful marriage and its
fundamental characteristics.
The study shall
seek to provide an understanding of the relationship between marital success and
the level of education of female teachers in Enugu north local government
It shall also
serve as a veritable source of information.
1.6
Statement
of Hypothesis
1 Ho The level of education of female teachers in
Enugu north local government is low
Hi The level of education of female teachers
in Enugu north local government is high
2 Ho
The level of marital success in Enugu north local government is low
Hi
The level of marital success in Enugu north local government is high
3 Ho The relationship between marital success and
the level of education of female teachers in Enugu north local government is
negative
Hi
The relationship between marital success and the level of education of
female teachers in Enugu north local government is positive.
1.7
Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is to investigate
the relationship Between marital success and the level of education among Female primary school teachers in
Enugu north local government.
1.8
Definition
of Terms
Education: This process of teaching, training and
learning, especially in schools or colleges to improve knowledge and develop
skills.
Marriage: This is the legal relationship between
a husband and a wife.
Marital: This has to do with connected marriage
or with the relationship between a husband and a wife.
Success: The fact that you have achieved
something that you want and have been trying to.
Relationship: This is the way in which two people,
groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each other.
Culture: This is the customs and beliefs, arts,
way of life and social organization of a particular country or group.